21 - Skin & Eye Infections Flashcards by Torrey Mace

aWhat are the bacterias that cause staphylococcal skin infections?

Staphylococcus epidermis
S. aureus

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What is the grain stain of staphylococcal skin infections?

gram positive

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What is the treatment for staphylococcal skin infections? What is used for MRSA specifically?

antibiotics - vancomycin

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What is the most pathogenic staph for skin infections?

S. aureus

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What 4 diseases of the skin does S. aureus cause?

folliculitis (hair follicle - pimples)
sty (eyelash follicle)
boil (serious follicle infection)
MRSA

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How are staphylococcal skin infections transmitted?

microflora/carriers (nose)
bacteria gets into broken skin from microflora/carrier

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What is a highly contagious skin infection that is common in young children and causes breaks in the skin and ruptured lesions?

impetigo

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What is it called when staph leads to toxins causing separation of skin layers?

scalded skin syndrome (form of impetigo)

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What are the symptoms of staphylococcal skin infections?

lesions on skin, painful, red - infected breaks in the skin

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What adds virulence to staph skin infections?

coagulase

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What is the gram reaction of streptococcal skin infections?

gram +

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How are strept skin infections transmitted?

open wounds

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What are the symptoms of strept skin infections?

destroys tissues

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What is the treatment for strept skin infections?

antibiotics - in some cases debridement of dead tissues

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What is the toxin that lyses open RBCs in strept infections, how many types, and which is the most common in disease?

Hemolysin - three (alpha, beta, gamma) - most common= beta

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What bacteria causes most streptococcal skin infections?

Streptococcus pyogenes

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What prevents phagocytosis and allows adherence to mucous membranes in strept infections?

M protein

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What is the name of the group A strept, “flesh eating” disease?

Necrotizing fasciitis
- destroys tissues fast
- exotoxin A (superantigen, damage and cause immune system to add to damage)

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What organism type causes smallpox?

variola virus

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How is smallpox transmitted?

respiratory system - travels through blood then infects skin

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What are the symptoms of smallpox?

skin lesions

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What was the first virus to be eradicated and why?

smallpox
effective vaccine & no animal hosts

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What organism type causes chickenpox/shingles?

Varicella-zoster virus

What is the route of transmission for chickenpox?

respiratory system (incubates 2 weeks before skin affected)

What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

itchy fluid filled vesicles (filled with pus), rupture then scab

What are the symptoms of shingles?

latent disease - painful rash on one side of the body and also effects nerves

What is the treatment for chickenpox/shingles?

vaccine

What organism type causes herpes simplex?

HSV1 virus

How is herpes simplex transmitted?

orally/respiratory

What are the symptoms of herpes simplex?

- cold sores - fever blisters on margin of lip

Herpes simplex treatment?

- antiviral - pain relief - run its course

Herpes simplex is a latent viral infection what reactivates it?

UV radiation, emotions, stress, hormones

What type of organism is causes measles?

measles virus

How is measles spread?

respiratory route

What is the treatment for measles?

vaccine (MMR)

Symptoms of measles

- macular rash (first on face then spreads to trunk and extremities) - koplik's spots (small red spots with central blue-white in mouth)

Who are the most susceptible to measles?

infants

What organism causes rubella?

Rubella virus

What are the symptoms of rubella?

- rash of small red spots, low fever - mild version of measles - complications rare

What is the transmission route of rubella?

respiratory route (2-3 week incubation)

What is the treatment of rubella?

vaccine (MMR)

"Slapped-cheek", mild flu symptoms, red rash on cheeks virus

fifth disease

High fever followed by rash virus

roseola

Fever, sore throat, rash on hands, feet, mouth, tongue/cheeks virus

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

What organism causes an infection via Candida albicans and how?

- yeast - opportunistic infection (normal microflora) - skin/mucous membranes

Treatment for candida albicans?

antifungals

Tinea cruris

jock itch (fungal)

Tinea pedis

athletes foot (fungal)

Tinea capitis

ring worm of the scalp (fungal)

What form does tinea form in?

circles

How are tinea skin infections spread?

through touching or infected materials

How are tinea infections treated?

with topical anti-fungal creams or oral antimicrobials (as needed)

Conjunctivitis

- inflammation of conjunctiva/pinkeye

What causes conjunctivitis?

- bacteria: most common is Haemophilus influenzae - virus: most common is adenoviruses

How is conjunctivitis spread?

- through touch - highly contagious

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

red, irritated eye

What are the treatments for conjunctivitis?

antibiotic eye drops (if bacterial) and wait it out for viral