14 - Disease

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

1+ organism benefits

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

1 benefits and 1 not affected (staph epidermis)

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

both benefit (E. coli synthesizes vitamin K & B)

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

1 benefits and 1 is harmed

Question 5

What is an opportunistic infection?

Answer 5

pathogen takes advantage of an opportunity to cause infection (i.e. weak immune system)

Question 6

What is an example of an opportunistic infection?

Answer 6

E. coli - most common cause of UTI since already part of microflora

Question 7

Communicable disease

Answer 7

spreads from host to host

Question 8

Contagious disease

Answer 8

communicable disease that is EASILY spread

Question 9

Noncommunicable disease

Answer 9

not spread from host to host

Question 10

Incidence

Answer 10

number of people in population, who develop a disease during a time period, NEW cases

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

number of people in a population who develop a disease, regardless of when disease first appeared, NEW AND OLD

Question 12

Sporadic

Answer 12

occurs occasionally

Question 13

Endemic

Answer 13

constantly present in population

Question 14

Epidemic

Answer 14

many people acquire in a short time (outbreak)

Question 15

Pandemic

Answer 15

epidemic that occurs worldwide (crossed borders)

Question 16

Acute infection

Answer 16

short-term, develops rapidly (flu)

Question 17

Chronic infection

Answer 17

develops slowly, continue for long time (mono, TB)

Question 18

Latent infection

Answer 18

inactive for a time, then produces symptoms (shingles)

Question 19

What are the 5 stages of disease and what happens at each?

Answer 19

1. incubation period - no signs or symptoms
2. prodromal period - mild signs or symptoms
3. period of illness - most severe
4. period of decline - start to decrease
5. period of convalescence - no signs or symptoms

Question 20

What is a reservoir of disease?

Answer 20

source of the microbe, where will you find the pathogen?

Question 21

What is disease transmission?

Answer 21

how you pick up the pathogen, how did you get from the reservoir to the host?

Question 22

What are some examples of reservoirs of disease?

Answer 22

1. humans
2. animals (direct contact, waste, consumption, insect)
3. non-living (soil and water

Question 23

What are the 3 major types of transmission?

Answer 23

1. contact transmission (person to person)
2. vehicle transmission
3. vector transmission (arthropods)

Question 24

Direct contact transmission

Answer 24

person to person (touching, kissing, etc.)

Question 25

Indirect contact transmission

Answer 25

contaminated tissue, cup, money (fomites)

Question 26

Droplet contact transmission

Answer 26

mucus droplets, coughing, sneezing, talking

Question 27

What are the 3 types of vehicle transmission?

Answer 27

1. water
2. food
3. air

Question 28

What is a nosocomial infection?

Answer 28

acquired during hospital stay (close to 20%)

Question 29

What is an emerging infectious disease?

Answer 29

new or changing, increase in incidence (can be a new strain or a completely new organism or an existing but now resistant to antibiotics)

Question 30

Epidemiology

Answer 30

study of when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Question 31

Morbidity

Answer 31

incidence of disease