17 - Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
_______ immunity involves B cells and antibodies while ________ immunity involves T cells.
Humoral/cellular
IgM
-pentamer (10 antigens at once)
- first antibody we make when we respond to an infection
IgG
- main antibody in our blood (80%)
- does most of the main functions
- only class that can cross the placenta
IgA
- dimer (4 antigens)
- typically found in mucous membranes, saliva, tears, and breast milk
IgD
assists in B cell activation
IgE
responsible for allergic reactions (antigen, i.e. pollen, binds to IgE and attaches to basophil -> release of histamine)
What are the 5 functions of antibodies?
- agglutination
- opsonization
- antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- neutralization
- complement system
Agglutination
antigens clump together
Opsonization
coating antigen with antibodies, enable phagocytosis
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
tag antigen for destruction
Neutralization
antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to the host
Complement system
antigen-antibody compelxes trigger complement system; inflammation and destruction
What are cytokines?
chemical messengers; proteins/glycoproteins - act on a specific receptor
Naturally acquired active immunity
antigens enter the body naturally; body induces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
Naturally acquired passive immunity
antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or to infant via the mother’s milk
Artificially acquired active immunity
antigens are introduced in vaccines; body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
Artificially acquired passive immunity
preformed antibodies in immune serum are introduced by injection
How many classes of antibodies are there?
5
Antigen
foreign substance
Antibody
globulin forms, immunoglobulin - very specific
Epitopes
certain areas when antibodies bind to antigen
