17 - Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
_______ immunity involves B cells and antibodies while ________ immunity involves T cells.
Humoral/cellular
IgM
-pentamer (10 antigens at once)
- first antibody we make when we respond to an infection
IgG
- main antibody in our blood (80%)
- does most of the main functions
- only class that can cross the placenta
IgA
- dimer (4 antigens)
- typically found in mucous membranes, saliva, tears, and breast milk
IgD
assists in B cell activation
IgE
responsible for allergic reactions (antigen, i.e. pollen, binds to IgE and attaches to basophil -> release of histamine)
What are the 5 functions of antibodies?
- agglutination
- opsonization
- antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- neutralization
- complement system
Agglutination
antigens clump together
Opsonization
coating antigen with antibodies, enable phagocytosis
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
tag antigen for destruction
Neutralization
antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to the host
Complement system
antigen-antibody compelxes trigger complement system; inflammation and destruction
What are cytokines?
chemical messengers; proteins/glycoproteins - act on a specific receptor
Naturally acquired active immunity
antigens enter the body naturally; body induces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
Naturally acquired passive immunity
antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or to infant via the mother’s milk
