24 - Respiratory diseases

Question 1

What is the common cause of strep throat?

Answer 1

Streptococcus pyogenes (bacteria)

Question 2

Strep throat transmission

Answer 2

transmitted through air, respiratory, mucus

Question 3

Strep throat symptoms

Answer 3

• local inflammation, fever, tonsilitis
• enlarged lymph nodes in neck
• red throat often with white spots

Question 4

Strep throat treatment

Answer 4

pencillin

Question 5

Diphtheria organism

Answer 5

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

Question 6

Diphtheria symptoms

Answer 6

• sore throat and fever; malaise swelling of neck
• gray membrane in throat

Question 7

How is diphtheria transmitted?

Answer 7

droplet transmission through respiratory and contact transmission for cutaneous

Question 8

Treatment for diphtheria

Answer 8

vaccine or antibiotic with antitoxin

Question 9

What is otitis media and what is its treatment?

Answer 9

middle ear infection caused by pus pushing pressure on eardrum (antibiotics)

Question 10

What are the different pathogens that cause otitis media?

Answer 10

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 11

What are the most common two causes of the common cold?

Answer 11

1. rhinoviruses (30-50%)
2. coronaviruses (10-15%)
3. 200+ other viruses

Question 12

What are the symptoms of the common cold?

Answer 12

• sneezing
• nasal secretion
• congestion
• usually no fever
• UR, ear, sinuses, lungs

Question 13

How is the common cold transmitted?

Answer 13

respiratory route

Question 14

Treatment of the common cold

Answer 14

symptom relief such as cough drops or antihistamines - just let it run itscourse

Question 15

What causes whooping cough?

Answer 15

Bordatella pertussis (bacteria)

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of whooping cough?

Answer 16

1. catarrhal stage (initial like common cold)
2. paroxysmal stage (mucus accumulates damaging cilia, violent coughing with whoop sound)
3. convalescence stage (recovery, can take months)

Question 17

Treatment of whooping cough

Answer 17

• antibiotics if caught early but they are not as effective after coughing stage
• vaccine

Question 18

RSV

Answer 18

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 19

Histoplasmosis

Answer 19

Histoplasma capsulatum (dimorphic fungus) - yeast like in tissue - filamentous in soil

Question 20

Histoplasmosis symptoms

Answer 20

• resembles TB
• lungs primary but can spread in blood through entire body
• minor respiratory infection

Question 21

Treatment for histoplasmosis

Answer 21

anitfungals

Question 22

Tuberculosis

Answer 22

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)

Question 23

What stimulates inflammatory response in TB?

Answer 23

mycolic acid

Question 24

How is TB spread?

Answer 24

coughing (tissues are damaged causing sputum to be bloody)

Question 25

Tuberculosis treatment

Answer 25

antibiotics for >6 months and may need multi-drug therapy due to resistance

Question 26

Pneumonia organisms (4)

Answer 26

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Haemophilus influenzae 3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 4. Legionella pneumophila

Question 27

What is the most common cause of pneumonia?

Answer 27

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 28

What pneumonia has no cell wall and doesn't grow in cultures and what pneumonia does it cause?

Answer 28

Mycoplasmal pneumoniae - "walking pneumonia"

Question 29

Which pneumonia is found in water and produces a high fever?

Answer 29

Legionella pneumophila

Question 30

What are the symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 30

infected alveoli of lung fill with fluids; interferes with oxygen uptake

Question 31

Pneumocystis pneumonia organism

Answer 31

Pneumocystis jirovecii (fungus or protozoan)

Question 32

Pneumocystis pneumonia symptoms and treatment

Answer 32

- forms cysts in lungs - treated by antibiotics

Question 33

What are the symptoms of the flu?

Answer 33

chills, fever, headache, aches

Question 34

What causes the flu and what family is it from?

Answer 34

influenzavirus - orthomyxoviridae

Question 35

What aids the virus in separating from host upon release in the flu?

Answer 35

neuraminidase (100/virus)

Question 36

What attaches to host with RBC; antibodies form against it in the flue?

Answer 36

hemagglutinin (500/virus)

Question 37

How are strains of the flu identified?

Answer 37

NA (neuraminidase) and HA (hemagglutinin) antigens i.e. H1N1

Question 38

Antigenic drift:

Answer 38

accumulations of mutation (no proofreading)

Question 39

Antigenic shift

Answer 39

great changes, evade immunity developed in population (recombo or reassortment)

Question 40

What are pigs?

Answer 40

"mixing vessels"