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Microbiology > 20 - Antimicrobials > Flashcards

20 - Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Which antimicrobials inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?

A

Penicillin G, Methicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin, Bacitracin, Vancomycin, Augmentin

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2
Q

Tetracycline

A

protein synthesis, inhibit tRNA attachment (bacteria)

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3
Q

Erythromycin

A

protein synthesis, inhibits mRNA binding to ribosome (bacteria)

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4
Q

Streptomycin

A

protein synthesis; change shape of ribosome (bacteria)

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5
Q

Neomycin

A

protein synthesis; change shape of ribosome (bacteria)

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6
Q

Clindamycin

A

protein synthesis, inhibits peptide bond formation (bacteria)

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7
Q

Polymyxin B

A

damage plasma membrane (bacteria)

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8
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibit transcription (bacteria/TB)

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9
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA synthesis, gyrase (bacteria)

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10
Q

TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)

A

inhibits metabolites (bacteria)

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11
Q

Isoniazid

A

mycolic acid synthesis (TB, leprosy)

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12
Q

Ethambutol

A

mycolic acid synthesis (TB, leprosy)

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13
Q

Amphotericin B

A

disrupt sterol synthesis (membrane) - fungi

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14
Q

Fluconazole

A

disrupt sterol synthesis (membrane) - fungi

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15
Q

Ketoconazole

A

disrupt sterol synthesis (membrane) - fungi

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16
Q

Caspofungin

A

inhibit glucan synthesis (cell wall) - fungi

17
Q

Flucytosine

A

interferes with transcription; cytosine analog - fungi

18
Q

Chloroquine

A

membrane function (protozoans)

19
Q

Metronidazole

A

deactivates enzymes (protozoans)

20
Q

Acyclovir

A

nucleotide analog (antiviral)

21
Q

Ribavirin

A

accelerate mutation rate (antiviral)

22
Q

Interferon

A

inhibit viral replication (antiviral)

23
Q

Tamiflu, Relenza

A

inhibit neuraminidase (antiviral; flu)

24
Q

Antibiotics found in ointments

A

bacitracin
polymyxin b
neomycin

25
Q

Antibiotic used to treat MRSA

A

vancomycin

26
Q

TB drugs

A

rifampin
isoniazid
ethambutol

27
Q

What are the 3 ways bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

A
  1. mutations
  2. conjugation
  3. transduction

Microbiology (23 decks)

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