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Microbiology > 25 - Digestive infections > Flashcards

25 - Digestive infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What causes staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

S. aureus - enterotoxin

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2
Q

How is S. aureus transmitted for food poisoning?

A

in nose -> hands; enters food and can grow/produce toxin in food … can be stopped by refrigeration

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of staph food poisoning?

A
  • short incubation time
  • vomiting, cramps, diarrhea
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4
Q

What are the treatments for staph food poisoning?

A

rehydration

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5
Q

What causes shigellosis?

A

Shigella (bacteria)

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of bacteria that caue shigellosis

A
  1. Shigella sonnei (most common US - mild dysentery)
  2. S. dysenteriae (lest common US - sever dysentery)
  3. S. flexneri
  4. S. boydii
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7
Q

Shigellosis symptoms

A
  • survive stomach -> proliferate small intestine -> disease in large intestine
  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • cramps
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8
Q

Shigellosis treatment

A

antibiotics and rehydration

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9
Q

Salmonellosis organism, symptoms, treatment, transmission

A
  • Salmonella enterica (bacteria)
  • fever, nausea, cramps, diarrhea
  • rehydration therapy
  • undercooked chicken/eggs
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10
Q

Typhoid fever cause, symptoms, treatment, transmission:

A

Salmonella typhi (bacteria)
- transmission: spread through human feces
- symptoms: high fever, headache, diarrhea
- treatment: antibiotics

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11
Q

Cholera cause, symptoms, treatment, transmission:

A

Vibrio cholerae (bacteria)
- symptoms: watery stools with mucus and cells, violent vomiting
- treatment: antibiotics; replacement of fluids and electrolytes
- transmission: found in water (sanitation issues)

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12
Q

What causes cholera to be infectious?

A

cholera extoxin - host cells secret water and electrolytes

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13
Q

What kind of toxin do some E. coli produce?

A

Shiga toxin

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14
Q

What is the transmission for E. coli?

A

cattle reservoir; contaminated food or water; leafy vegetables from water runoff

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15
Q

What are some symptoms for E. coli?

A

diarrhea, inflammation of colon (colitis), bleeding

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16
Q

Treatment for E. Coli

A

rehydration

17
Q

What causes Helicobacter?

A

Helicobacter pylori (bacteria)

18
Q

How does H. pylori affect the body?

A

the gastric juice and enzymes with HCl produced by the stomach adds a protective layer when this layer is disrupted ulcers develop - H. pylori can grow in this acidic environment and produce urea which increases pH and neutralizes HCl

19
Q

What is the treatment for H. pylori?

A

antibiotics and pepto-bismol eliminate bacteria

20
Q

C. Diff

A

Clostrdium difficile (bacteria)

21
Q

What is the biggest problem that leads to C diff

A

extended antibiotic use which leads to elimination of competing bacteria and rapid growth of C. difficile

22
Q

What is the treatment for C. difficile?

A

discontinuation of antibiotic and rehydration

23
Q

Mumps symptoms, transmission, treatment

A

Paramyxoviridae (virus)
- symptoms: swelling of parotid glands, fever, painful swallowing
- transmission: saliva and respiratory secretions via respiratory tract entry
- treatment: MMR vaccine

24
Q

Rotavirus

A
  • less common in adults
  • fever, diarrhea, vomiting
  • rehydration
  • vaccine
25
Q

Norovirus

A
  • fecal-oral transmission from food/water, aerosols from vomiting
  • persistent on surfaces
  • vomiting, diarrhea
  • rehydration
26
Q

Giardia organism

A

Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan)

27
Q

What are the symptoms of Giardia?

A

malaise, nausea, flatulence, weakness, weight loss, cramps (interferes with food absorption in intestinal wall)

28
Q

Transmission of giardia

A

shed in feces of healthy carriers and wild animals - lots of outbreaks camping/swimming season from contaminated water

29
Q

Treatment for giardia

A

anti-protozoan (metronidazole)

30
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver (from viral hep or drug toxicity

31
Q

What are the 3 types of Hep and the organisms that cause them?

A
  1. Type A: Picornaviridae
  2. Type B: Hepadnviridae
  3. Type C: Flaviviridae

Viruses cause all 3

32
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • transmission: oral -> intestines -> liver/kidneys/spleen
  • loss of appetite, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, fever chills
  • vaccine; post-exposure immune globulins
33
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • blood, saliva, breast milk, semen (blood infusion, IV, sex, drugs)
  • fever, nausea, ab pain, fatigue, malaise, liver damage
  • 10% chronic carriers
34
Q

What are the high prevalence and low prevalence countries for Hepatitis B?

A

High prevalence = asia (birth - no acute, lifelong infection)

Low prevalence = western (blood/fluids often from risky behavior)

35
Q

What is the treatment for Hepatitis B?

A
  • none for acute
  • chronic 7 drugs diminish viral DNA/antivirals
36
Q

Hepatitis C

A
  • transmitted through blood
  • majority go to chronic
  • treatment: drug combination
37
Q

What are the other Hepatitis viruses other than A-C?

A

Hep D: often co-infection with HBV
Hep E; resembles HAV

Microbiology (23 decks)

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