10 - Classification

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

classifying organisms

Question 2

Phylogeny

Answer 2

study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Question 3

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 3

1. eukarya
2. bacteria
3. archaea

Question 4

List the levels of classification:

Answer 4

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 5

Organisms are classified based on their __________.

Answer 5

Similarities in rRNA

Question 6

What is the name of the manual used to characterize bacteria?

Answer 6

Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology

Question 7

Bacterial species can be further divided into ___________.

Answer 7

strains

Question 8

Slide agglutination test

Answer 8

unknown bacteria placed on slides, antiserum added to samples (what you think it well be) bacteria will clump (agglutinate) when with specific antibodies

Question 9

Serology

Answer 9

antibodies are produced against bacteria

Question 10

Antiserum

Answer 10

solution of antibodies

Question 11

How does a positive agglutination test appear?

Answer 11

clumps

Question 12

Western blotting/ELISAs

Answer 12

use antibodies and antigens (foreign molecules) to test for infections

Question 13

Phage typing

Answer 13

which phages the bacteria is susceptible to (since bacteriophages are very specific)

Question 14

DNA base composition

Answer 14

% G/C and A/T

Question 15

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 15

DNA is cut by restriction enzymes, pattern of fragments used to identify

Question 16

PCR

Answer 16

polymerase chain reaction - amplifies DNA of microbe, identified using electrophoresis

Question 17

What is a dichotomous key?

Answer 17

successive questions with 2 answers, directed to next question, until organism identified

Question 18

What is a cladogram?

Answer 18

shows evolutionary relationships, branched - based on rRNA similarities

Question 19

How do you interpret a cladogram?

Answer 19

the closer the meeting point = the closer the relation

Question 20

What are 4 ways we can classify bacteria?

Answer 20

1. morphology
2. differential staining
3. biochemical tests
4. molecular tests