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Block 3 Found Sci > 3-Host Bacterial Relations > Flashcards

3-Host Bacterial Relations Flashcards

1
Q

symbiosis

A

intimate and prolonged associated b/t 2+ orgs of diff species
-commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

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2
Q

normal microbiota

flora

A

community of microbes that live in/on indiv

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3
Q

niche

A

shelter physcial space, food for others

that plays a role in microbial community

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4
Q

microbiome

A

aggregate collection of genes/genomes from microbiota

can tell you what a microbiota is doing

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5
Q

pre vs pro biotics

A

prebiotic = food ingredient that supports growth of 1+ members of microbiota

probiotics= live microbes ingested to benefit host, debatable

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6
Q

where is microbiota at

A

conflicting bc not able to culture well
-seq prone to contamination (16S)

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7
Q

loose rules of microbiota location

A
  1. any site exposed to environ, if not direct link to outside then not normal microbiota
    -sterile anatomic sites

placenta, fetus, middle ear debatable

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8
Q

resident microbiota

A

long term
part of noraml microbiota

staphylococcus epidermidis @skin and nares

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9
Q

transient microbiota

A

microbes that attempt to colonize but fail

streptococcus pyogenes @oropharynx

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10
Q

factors that affect microbiome

A
  1. mode of delivery neonate
  2. host genetics
  3. host immune resp
  4. diet
  5. xenobiotics (antibiotics)
  6. infectinos
  7. diurnal rhythm
  8. environment exposures
  9. age
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11
Q

microbiota development

A
  1. fetus- sterile
  2. neonate- colonized by vaginal bacteria or rapidly colonzied after birth c section
  3. childhood- change early (breastmilk) then stable late childhood
  4. healthy adult- stable
  5. elderly- inc susceptibilty to infection from microbiota

aka changes as we age

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12
Q

intestinal microbita functions

A
  1. biosynthesis- vitamins, hormones, neurotrans
  2. metabolism- diet, bile salts, drugs
  3. influence-homeostasis, host cell prolif, bone density, neurologic signaling
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13
Q

how intestinal microbiota protects from infection

A
  1. occupy niches to prvent colonization/access to host tissue
  2. primes innate immunity by stim mucin, IgA
  3. promote epi cell resistance and low level inflamm
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14
Q

strict pathogens

A

orgs that are always associated with disease

myobacterium tuberculosis
neisseria gonorrhoeae
rabies virus

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15
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

members of normal mb that take advantage of condtiions to cause disease

E. coli from intestines to urinary tract

most infectious diseases caused by

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16
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability of microorg to cause disease

virulence is measure of pathogenicty

17
Q

virulence factors

A

enable
-colonization
-immune evasion
-entry/survival within host cells
-obtain nutrients to survive in host

18
Q

entry into host mechanism

A
  1. transplacental
  2. secretions
  3. stool -oral
  4. skin
  5. blood
  6. zoonotic
  7. arthropod
19
Q

barriers to entry

A
  1. mechanical
  2. enzymes
  3. chemicals
  4. immunity
  5. commensals
  6. physical
20
Q

adherence

A

first step
binds to host cell surface via adhesin proteins with pili (often not always)

21
Q

biofilms

A

bacteria encased in exopolymeric substance to adhere to surface and stay stationary
-found on moist/wet surface

22
Q

biofilm characteristics

A

-slower metabolism than free floating planktonic
-inc resist to antibiotics
-inc genetic exchange
-resistant to disinfection

23
Q

pathogenic action

A

after adhered and colonzied
1. toxin production
2. invade cells, or
3. disseminate
4. tissue destruction
5. endotoxins- lipid A of LPS
6. exotoxins- cytolytic enz, toxic rxns

24
Q

AB toxins

A

A = active
B = binding

type of exotoxin- direct tissue damage, destructive

25
Q

superantigens

A

bind both TCR and MHCII without an antigen so get cytokine storm

S. aureus TSST1, Staph. enterotoxin, S. pyogenes erythrogenic toxins

26
Q

mechanisms for evading

A
  1. antigenic masking by capsule
  2. mimicry- make host see as self
  3. shift/variation- change proteins on cell surface so moving target for immune system
  4. resist complement
  5. inactivate antibody via proteases
27
Q

how to escape phagocytic clearance

A
  1. inhib opsonization
  2. inhib chemotaxis
  3. kill phagocyte
  4. inhib
28
Q

intravenous catheter contamination

opportunistic

A
  1. staphylococcus epidermidis (skin)
  2. sstaphylococcus aureus (skin)
29
Q

wound surgical site infection

opportunistic

A
  1. staphylococcus aureus - skin
  2. klebsiella pneumoniae- intestine
  3. pseudomonas aeruginosa- skin
30
Q

tooth decay/dental caries

A

streptococcus mutans - teeth

31
Q

urinary tract infections

A

escherichia coli-intestine
E.coli

32
Q

pseudomembrane colitis

A
  1. clostridiodes difficile- intestine, from antibiotic therapy spores that survive and overgrow
33
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear infection
1. streptococcus pneumoniae
2. non typeable haemophilus influenzae
3. moraxella catarrhalis - nasopharynx

34
Q

what’s NOT virulence factor

A
  1. peptidoglycan
  2. factors in metabolism required for survival outside host aka core metabolism proteins
  3. chromosome
  4. membranes
  5. ribosomes

Block 3 Found Sci (60 decks)

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