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Block 3 Found Sci > 1-ANS > Flashcards

1-ANS Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system

definiton

A

portion of nervous system that controls most visceral functions and accomodates coordinated responses to external stimuli

and internal, involuntary, multiple inputs being balanced

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2
Q

cardiovascular

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

orthostatis hypotension

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3
Q

sudomotor

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

anhidrosis
heat intolerance

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4
Q

renal/urinary bladder

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

nocturia
inc frequency, urgency
incontinence
urine retention

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5
Q

gastrointestinal

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

constipation, diarrhea sometimes, dysphagia

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6
Q

reproductive

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

erectile/ejaculatory failure

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7
Q

neurologic

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

parkinsonian
cerebellar/pyramidal features

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8
Q

respiratory

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

stridor
inspiratory gasps
apenic episodes

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9
Q

respiratory

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

stridor
inspiratory gasps
apenic episodes

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10
Q

parasympathetic pathway

A
  1. CNS
  2. pre-ganglionic fiber
  3. neurotrans Ach
  4. nicotinic receptor on parasympathetic ganglion
  5. parasymp post ganglionic fiber
  6. neurotrans Ach
  7. muscarinic receptors
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11
Q

sympathetic pathway

A
  1. CNS
  2. pre ganglionic fiber
  3. Ach
  4. nicotinic receptor on sympathetic ganglion or adrenal medulla
  5. sympathetic post ganglion fiber
  6. norepinephrine
  7. adrenergic receptors

post gang fiber longer than parasymp

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12
Q

modes of innervation

sympathetic

A

preganglionic neruon
1. paravertebral ganglia/prevertebral > post gang neuron
2. specialized ganglia - superior cervical, celiac, superior mesentaric, inferior mesentaric > target organs
3. adrenal medulla

thoracolumbar

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13
Q

parasympathetic outflow

A
  1. cranial- oculomotor N, facial N, glossopharyngeal N, vagal N - ganglia close to target
  2. sacral- bladder, descending colon, rectum, genitalia
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14
Q

enteric nervous system

A

system of ganglia b/t layers of the gut and connected by dense meshwork of nerve fibers
-input from both symp and parasymp

has myenteric plexus for motility and submucosal plexus for ion/fluid transport

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15
Q

dual innervation of autonomics

A

-most organs receive both SANS and PANS innervation so actions controlled by both systems

EXCEPT organs for sympathetic only

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16
Q

sympathetic only organs

A
  1. hair follicles
  2. thermoregulatory sweat glands
  3. liver
  4. adrenal gland
  5. kidney
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17
Q

cholinergic neurotransmission

synthesis

A
  1. uptake of choline by choline transporter into presynaptic terminal
  2. conjugation with acteylCoA
  3. syn of Ach by ChAT

uptake blocked by hemicholiniums

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18
Q

cholinergic storage

A

packed into vesicle by VAT

can be blocked by vesamicol so no storage

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19
Q

cholinergic release

A
  1. depolarization nerve terminal
  2. voltage dependent Ca entry
  3. Ca-calmodulin binds with VAMP and SNAP to trigger fusion
  4. exocytosis

fusion blocked by botulinum toxin botox

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20
Q

cholinergic termination of action

A
  1. rapid hydrolysis of Ach by AchE
  2. form choline and acetate
  3. re-uptake into terminals
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21
Q

cholinergic receptors

A
  1. nicotinic - Na ion channels, alpha subunit binds Ach to open
  2. muscarinic- G protein coupled with subtypes M1-5
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22
Q

nicotinic receptor activation responses

A
  1. adrenal medulla = secretion of epinephrine and norepine
  2. autonomic ganglia = stimulation dependent on PANS/SANS
  3. neuromuscular junction = twitch/hyperactivity of skeletal muscle
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23
Q

M1/3/5

A

use Gq/G11 receptors
inc Ca and PKC

24
Q

M2/4

A

use Gi/Go receptors

dec cAMP

25
receptors @ eye
1. muscarininc = M3 in ciliary muscle and sphincter muscle 2. adrenergic = alpha 1 in dilator muscle, alpha 2 + beta 1 and 2 in ciliary body, beta 2 in ciliary muscle
26
M3 in the eye
M3 stimulated = contraction of sphincter> leads to miosis and open of schlemm canal, contraction of ciliary muscle > spasm accomodation (near vision) M3 inhibited = mydriasis, paralysis of accomodation to near vision
27
GI tract | muscarinic
stomach = M3 > inc motility, cramps glands = M1, M3 > secretion intestine = M3 > contraction, diarrhea, involuntary defacation in Ca
28
bladder | muscarinic receptors
M3 = contraction of detrusor, relaxation of trigone/sphincter, voiding, urinary incontinence, inhibit external sphincter inc Ca and PKC
29
lungs | muscarinic receptors
bronchioles = M3 > contraction/bronchospasm glands = M3 > secretion inc Ca and PKC
30
heart | muscarinic receptors
SA node = M2 > bradycardia AV node = M2 > dec conduction velocity, dec ventricular contraction atrial muscle = M2 > dec atrial contraction ventricular muscle = M2 > dec ventricular contraction weakly dec cAMP
31
CNS | muscarinic receptor
M1,3,5 = excitement, severe convulsion and coma
32
lacrimal gland | muscarinic recpetor
M3 = lacrimation
33
sweat and saliva glands
M3= secretion of sweat and salivation, thermoregulatory
34
sphincters | muscarinic
M3= relaxation EXCEPT lower esophageal and eye inc Ca and PKC, release NO
35
blood vessels | muscarinic receptors
M3 = vasodilation via NO if endothelium intact if endothelium damaged then activate smooth muscle M3 = vasoconstriction
36
ciliary muscle | receptors
M3 = contraction B2= relaxation
37
transmission in the heart
1. Ach released from post gang cholinergic axon 2. M2R linked by Gi to K channel = hyperpolarization 3. voltage dependent opening of pacemaker Na channel 4. phosphorylation of LTCC
38
control of detrusor tone
indirect stimulation: Ach > M2 > dec cAMP > reduce relaxation by NE induced beta activation (aka uno reverse beta stim) direct: Ach > M3 > IP3 > ER Ca release > store operated Ca entry > contraction
39
control of vascular tone
dual control by perivascular nerves and endothelial cells aka nerve terminal secretions + endothelial secretions
40
severe responses muscarinic activation
DUMB BELSS GI = diarrhea bladder = urinary incontinence eye = miosis lung = bronchospasm heart = bradycardia CNS = excitement L = lacrimation glands = sweat sphincters = relaxation vessels = vasodilation
41
catecholamine synthesis pathway
1. tyrosine > DOPA via tyosine hydoxylase, blocked by metryosine 2. DOPA > dopamine 3. dopamine > norepinephrine @ storage vesicle via VMAT, blocked by reserprine 4. norepinephrine > epinephrine @ adrenal medulla only 5. VAMPs stimulate fusion, blocked by betylium 6. exocytosis 7. termination- diffusion, autoreceptor dec release, reuptake via NET1
42
alpha-1 activation
inc Ca and PKC Gq + phospholipase C (IP3 and DAG)
43
beta adrenergic receptors | activation
inc cAMP and PJA Gs > adenylate cyclase
44
alpha-2 activation
dec cAMP Gi > adenylate cyclase
45
alpha-1 activation effects
eye = radial/dilator muscle contration > mydriasis arterioles = contraction, inc TPR, inc afterload veins = contraction, inc return, inc preload liver = inc glycogenolysis, inc blood glucose male sex = ejaculation bladder = constriction of trigone/internal sphincter, urinary retention
46
alpha-2 activation
prejunctional nerve terminal = dec transmitter release, dec NE synthesis platelets = aggregation pancreas = dec insulin secretion
47
beta-1 activation
heart = inc heart rate (SA) + inc conduction velocity (AV) + inc force contraction + inc velocity rate + inc cardiac output + oxygen consumption kidney = inc renin release
48
beta-2 activation
vessels = vasodilation, dec BP uterus = relaxation bronchioles = dilation skeletal muscle = inc glycogenolysis contractility liver = inc glycogenolysis pancreas = inc insulin secretion
49
D1 activation
@renal, mesenteric, coronary vessels = vasodilation, inc glomerular filtration, inc renal blood flow, inc Na excretion
50
homotropic interactions
aka negative feedback transmitter binds presynaptic autoreceptors to block release by dec cAMP either alpha-2 for adrenergic presyn or M2 for cholinergic presyn
51
heterotropic interactions
one neurotrans affects release of another aka norepine (alpha-2 adrenergic) inhibits Ach (M2 cholinergic) to dec cAMP coordinates PANS and SANS
52
denervation supersensitivity
if cut a nerve then supersensitive downstream or if remove a blocker from target organs bc proliferation of receptors or loss of mechanisms for removal of trans rebound hypertension after withdrawal of adrenocepttor blockers
53
cotransmission
neurons release more than one trans modifies response of effector to primary trans or act on autoreceptor to modulate release more diverse physioloical control to direction control mechanisms
54
feedback loop of arterial blood pressure | pathway
1. inc BP 2. baroreceptor discharge 3. activate vasomotor center 4. SANS dec sympathetic tone so dec vasoconstriction, contractions, and heart rate 5. PANS inc vagal tone so dec heart rate 6. dec BP
55
arterial BP with TPR
inc total peripheral resistance by stim alpha-1 = reflex bradycardia (dec HR) dec total peripheral resistance (dec alpha-1) = reflex tachycardia
56
feedback loop BP | hormonal
1. dec BP 2. dec renal blood flow 3. inc renin production 4. inc angiotensin 5. inc aldosterone 6. inc blood volume 7. inc cardiac output 8. inc BP OR 1. dec BP 2. inc sympathetic drive 3. inc TPR 4. inc BP

Block 3 Found Sci (60 decks)

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