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Block 3 Found Sci > 1-ANS > Flashcards

1-ANS Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system

definiton

A

portion of nervous system that controls most visceral functions and accomodates coordinated responses to external stimuli

and internal, involuntary, multiple inputs being balanced

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2
Q

cardiovascular

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

orthostatis hypotension

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3
Q

sudomotor

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

anhidrosis
heat intolerance

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4
Q

renal/urinary bladder

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

nocturia
inc frequency, urgency
incontinence
urine retention

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5
Q

gastrointestinal

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

constipation, diarrhea sometimes, dysphagia

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6
Q

reproductive

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

erectile/ejaculatory failure

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7
Q

neurologic

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

parkinsonian
cerebellar/pyramidal features

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8
Q

respiratory

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

stridor
inspiratory gasps
apenic episodes

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9
Q

respiratory

primary chronic autonmic failure

A

stridor
inspiratory gasps
apenic episodes

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10
Q

parasympathetic pathway

A
  1. CNS
  2. pre-ganglionic fiber
  3. neurotrans Ach
  4. nicotinic receptor on parasympathetic ganglion
  5. parasymp post ganglionic fiber
  6. neurotrans Ach
  7. muscarinic receptors
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11
Q

sympathetic pathway

A
  1. CNS
  2. pre ganglionic fiber
  3. Ach
  4. nicotinic receptor on sympathetic ganglion or adrenal medulla
  5. sympathetic post ganglion fiber
  6. norepinephrine
  7. adrenergic receptors

post gang fiber longer than parasymp

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12
Q

modes of innervation

sympathetic

A

preganglionic neruon
1. paravertebral ganglia/prevertebral > post gang neuron
2. specialized ganglia - superior cervical, celiac, superior mesentaric, inferior mesentaric > target organs
3. adrenal medulla

thoracolumbar

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13
Q

parasympathetic outflow

A
  1. cranial- oculomotor N, facial N, glossopharyngeal N, vagal N - ganglia close to target
  2. sacral- bladder, descending colon, rectum, genitalia
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14
Q

enteric nervous system

A

system of ganglia b/t layers of the gut and connected by dense meshwork of nerve fibers
-input from both symp and parasymp

has myenteric plexus for motility and submucosal plexus for ion/fluid transport

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15
Q

dual innervation of autonomics

A

-most organs receive both SANS and PANS innervation so actions controlled by both systems

EXCEPT organs for sympathetic only

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16
Q

sympathetic only organs

A
  1. hair follicles
  2. thermoregulatory sweat glands
  3. liver
  4. adrenal gland
  5. kidney
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17
Q

cholinergic neurotransmission

synthesis

A
  1. uptake of choline by choline transporter into presynaptic terminal
  2. conjugation with acteylCoA
  3. syn of Ach by ChAT

uptake blocked by hemicholiniums

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18
Q

cholinergic storage

A

packed into vesicle by VAT

can be blocked by vesamicol so no storage

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19
Q

cholinergic release

A
  1. depolarization nerve terminal
  2. voltage dependent Ca entry
  3. Ca-calmodulin binds with VAMP and SNAP to trigger fusion
  4. exocytosis

fusion blocked by botulinum toxin botox

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20
Q

cholinergic termination of action

A
  1. rapid hydrolysis of Ach by AchE
  2. form choline and acetate
  3. re-uptake into terminals
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21
Q

cholinergic receptors

A
  1. nicotinic - Na ion channels, alpha subunit binds Ach to open
  2. muscarinic- G protein coupled with subtypes M1-5
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22
Q

nicotinic receptor activation responses

A
  1. adrenal medulla = secretion of epinephrine and norepine
  2. autonomic ganglia = stimulation dependent on PANS/SANS
  3. neuromuscular junction = twitch/hyperactivity of skeletal muscle
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23
Q

M1/3/5

A

use Gq/G11 receptors
inc Ca and PKC

24
Q

M2/4

A

use Gi/Go receptors

dec cAMP

25
Q

receptors @ eye

A
  1. muscarininc = M3 in ciliary muscle and sphincter muscle
  2. adrenergic = alpha 1 in dilator muscle, alpha 2 + beta 1 and 2 in ciliary body, beta 2 in ciliary muscle
26
Q

M3 in the eye

A

M3 stimulated = contraction of sphincter> leads to miosis and open of schlemm canal, contraction of ciliary muscle > spasm accomodation (near vision)

M3 inhibited = mydriasis, paralysis of accomodation to near vision

27
Q

GI tract

muscarinic

A

stomach = M3 > inc motility, cramps
glands = M1, M3 > secretion
intestine = M3 > contraction, diarrhea, involuntary defacation

in Ca

28
Q

bladder

muscarinic receptors

A

M3 = contraction of detrusor, relaxation of trigone/sphincter, voiding, urinary incontinence, inhibit external sphincter

inc Ca and PKC

29
Q

lungs

muscarinic receptors

A

bronchioles = M3 > contraction/bronchospasm
glands = M3 > secretion

inc Ca and PKC

30
Q

heart

muscarinic receptors

A

SA node = M2 > bradycardia
AV node = M2 > dec conduction velocity, dec ventricular contraction
atrial muscle = M2 > dec atrial contraction
ventricular muscle = M2 > dec ventricular contraction weakly

dec cAMP

31
Q

CNS

muscarinic receptor

A

M1,3,5 = excitement, severe convulsion and coma

32
Q

lacrimal gland

muscarinic recpetor

A

M3 = lacrimation

33
Q

sweat and saliva glands

A

M3= secretion of sweat and salivation, thermoregulatory

34
Q

sphincters

muscarinic

A

M3= relaxation

EXCEPT lower esophageal and eye

inc Ca and PKC, release NO

35
Q

blood vessels

muscarinic receptors

A

M3 = vasodilation via NO if endothelium intact

if endothelium damaged then activate smooth muscle M3 = vasoconstriction

36
Q

ciliary muscle

receptors

A

M3 = contraction
B2= relaxation

37
Q

transmission in the heart

A
  1. Ach released from post gang cholinergic axon
  2. M2R linked by Gi to K channel = hyperpolarization
  3. voltage dependent opening of pacemaker Na channel
  4. phosphorylation of LTCC
38
Q

control of detrusor tone

A

indirect stimulation:
Ach > M2 > dec cAMP > reduce relaxation by NE induced beta activation (aka uno reverse beta stim)

direct:
Ach > M3 > IP3 > ER Ca release > store operated Ca entry > contraction

39
Q

control of vascular tone

A

dual control by perivascular nerves and endothelial cells aka

nerve terminal secretions + endothelial secretions

40
Q

severe responses muscarinic activation

A

DUMB BELSS

GI = diarrhea
bladder = urinary incontinence
eye = miosis
lung = bronchospasm
heart = bradycardia
CNS = excitement
L = lacrimation
glands = sweat
sphincters = relaxation
vessels = vasodilation

41
Q

catecholamine synthesis pathway

A
  1. tyrosine > DOPA via tyosine hydoxylase, blocked by metryosine
  2. DOPA > dopamine
  3. dopamine > norepinephrine @ storage vesicle via VMAT, blocked by reserprine
  4. norepinephrine > epinephrine @ adrenal medulla only
  5. VAMPs stimulate fusion, blocked by betylium
  6. exocytosis
  7. termination- diffusion, autoreceptor dec release, reuptake via NET1
42
Q

alpha-1 activation

A

inc Ca and PKC
Gq + phospholipase C (IP3 and DAG)

43
Q

beta adrenergic receptors

activation

A

inc cAMP and PJA
Gs > adenylate cyclase

44
Q

alpha-2 activation

A

dec cAMP
Gi > adenylate cyclase

45
Q

alpha-1 activation effects

A

eye = radial/dilator muscle contration > mydriasis
arterioles = contraction, inc TPR, inc afterload
veins = contraction, inc return, inc preload
liver = inc glycogenolysis, inc blood glucose
male sex = ejaculation
bladder = constriction of trigone/internal sphincter, urinary retention

46
Q

alpha-2 activation

A

prejunctional nerve terminal = dec transmitter release, dec NE synthesis
platelets = aggregation
pancreas = dec insulin secretion

47
Q

beta-1 activation

A

heart = inc heart rate (SA) + inc conduction velocity (AV) + inc force contraction + inc velocity rate + inc cardiac output + oxygen consumption

kidney = inc renin release

48
Q

beta-2 activation

A

vessels = vasodilation, dec BP
uterus = relaxation
bronchioles = dilation
skeletal muscle = inc glycogenolysis contractility
liver = inc glycogenolysis
pancreas = inc insulin secretion

49
Q

D1 activation

A

@renal, mesenteric, coronary vessels = vasodilation, inc glomerular filtration, inc renal blood flow, inc Na excretion

50
Q

homotropic interactions

A

aka negative feedback
transmitter binds presynaptic autoreceptors to block release by dec cAMP

either alpha-2 for adrenergic presyn or M2 for cholinergic presyn

51
Q

heterotropic interactions

A

one neurotrans affects release of another aka norepine (alpha-2 adrenergic) inhibits Ach (M2 cholinergic) to dec cAMP

coordinates PANS and SANS

52
Q

denervation supersensitivity

A

if cut a nerve then supersensitive downstream or if remove a blocker from target organs

bc proliferation of receptors or loss of mechanisms for removal of trans

rebound hypertension after withdrawal of adrenocepttor blockers

53
Q

cotransmission

A

neurons release more than one trans

modifies response of effector to primary trans or act on autoreceptor to modulate release

more diverse physioloical control to direction control mechanisms

54
Q

feedback loop of arterial blood pressure

pathway

A
  1. inc BP
  2. baroreceptor discharge
  3. activate vasomotor center
  4. SANS dec sympathetic tone so dec vasoconstriction, contractions, and heart rate
  5. PANS inc vagal tone so dec heart rate
  6. dec BP
55
Q

arterial BP with TPR

A

inc total peripheral resistance by stim alpha-1 = reflex bradycardia (dec HR)

dec total peripheral resistance (dec alpha-1) = reflex tachycardia

56
Q

feedback loop BP

hormonal

A
  1. dec BP
  2. dec renal blood flow
  3. inc renin production
  4. inc angiotensin
  5. inc aldosterone
  6. inc blood volume
  7. inc cardiac output
  8. inc BP

OR
1. dec BP
2. inc sympathetic drive
3. inc TPR
4. inc BP

Block 3 Found Sci (60 decks)

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