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Block 3 Found Sci > 1-Antibodies > Flashcards

1-Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

features of adaptive immunity

A
  1. specificity
  2. immunologic memory
  3. diversity
  4. self regulation
  5. discrimination
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2
Q

specificity

A

adaptive immune response generated towards determinants/epitopes

bc lymphocytes have cell membrane receptors for one specificity

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3
Q

immunologic memory

A

memory cells make faster and more vigorous resp upon re-exposure to antigen

memory cells more sensitive to stim by antigen than antigen-naive lymphocyte

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4
Q

diversity

A

pre-existing antigen specific lymphocyte react with 1x10^9 (a ton) of antigens

expression of cell surface receptors that can react with diverse number of antigens

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5
Q

self regulation

A

regulation via
1. removal of antigen so no immunologic stimulation
2. activated lymphocytes die w/i short period by apoptosis
3. regulatory immune mechanism

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6
Q

discrimination of self vs non

A

adaptive immune resp directed normally vs foreign antigens NOT self antigens

immune cells that are specific for self are destroyed/regulated

lead to autoimmune disease occur if lost

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7
Q

immunogenicity

A

properties of an antigen that promote an immune response

big immune resp = high immunogenicity
ex. bacteria/fungi high bc so foreign

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8
Q

adjuvant

A

immunogenicity is inc
prolonged retention of an antigen so time for more vigorous immune resp can occur

ex. alum, mineral oil, lipids

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9
Q

antigenicity

A

properties that allow a substance to react with an antibody

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10
Q

haptens

A

small molecules that cannot induce antibody formation BUT can react with antibody that is specific for it aka hapten = antigen NOT immunogen

-must be coupled to a carrier molecule to induce antibodies

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11
Q

features of immunogens

A
  1. size - bigger size = better immunogen
  2. internal complexity- more complex = more immunogenic, proteins good
  3. degradability- immunogen processing must occur, proteins > peptides
  4. foreigness- tolerance to self antigens so must be foreign
  5. accessibility- easy to reach areas more likely induce immune response aka immunodominant areas
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12
Q

antigen conformation

types of determinants

A

conformational determinants- amino acid residues must be in 3D structure to bind antibody, if denatured not work

linear determinants- adjacent aminos will bind antibody when denatured, not accessible if native strucutre

neoantigens- new antigens formed by proteolysis to make new determinant

T lymphs only recog linear determinants

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13
Q

types of antigens

A

most common are proteins and most immunogenic
-from serum proteins or microbes

also lipoproteins (cell membranes), polysaccs (bacterial capsules), glycoprotein (blood), polypeps (hormones), nucleic acids (cells, microbes)

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14
Q

antibodies/immunoglobulins

general

A

-present in body humors/fluids
-effects mediated by glycoproteins binding to antigen specifically
-will not be present until stimulated/exposed by antigen
‘gamma globulin’ also used

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15
Q

antibody locations

A

-surface of B lymphocytes antigen receptors specific to one, if naive-B then have both IgM and IgD
-blood plasma and tissue fluids
-surface of mast cells/basophils IgE
-secretory fluids (mucus and milk)

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16
Q

antiserum

A

antibody containing serum
-fluid portion of blood after cellular parts clotted

either polyclonal (pop of antis that bind 1+ antigens) OR monoclonal (antibody bind only 1)

17
Q

antibody titer

A

reciprocal of the LAST dilution of antiserum that still yields a demonstrable antibody binding reaction

aka take the last reaction and inverse it

18
Q

antibody strucutre

A

2 heavy chains + 2 light chains

heavy are connected to each other and to light chains by disulfide bonds

constant and variable regions
-variable is what forms antigen bind site

19
Q

subdivisions of variable region

A
  1. hypervariable- binding surface, varying amino acids here make antigen specificity
  2. framework- support hypervariable
20
Q

antibody properties

structural, isotypes

A

-IgA/D/G have hinge region for flexibility
-two isotypes= secretion or membrane form, D has membrane only
-secretory form of M and A have j chains for pentamer/dimer/trimer formation
-isotype switching allow single antigen specificity for diff functions

M is pentamer, A dimer or trimer

21
Q

proteolysis of antibodies

A

either produce two Fab fragments each w/ binding site + 1 Fc frag (split in 3) Papain OR

single Fab with 2 binding sites + no surviving Fc frag (split once + itty bitty frags) Pepsin

22
Q

antibody classification

A

based on diffs in amino seq of heavy chains
IgA/D/E/G/M

IgG has subisotypes 1-4
IgA has 1-2

23
Q

antibody monomers

A

IgG
IgE
IgD

24
Q

polymer antibodies

A

IgM
IgA

25
Q

IgG

A

-most abundant immunoglobulin in normal serum
-secretory form is monomer
-activates complement classical pathway
-IgG1 and 3 can opsonize
-coat tumor cells or virus infected for ADCC
-cross placenta for immunity to fetus
-in mother’s milk so taken up by infant gut lumen and transported into blood

26
Q

IgM

A

-secretory form is pentamer
-excellent complement activator better than G
-predominate antibody in primary immune resp

27
Q

IgA

A

-mediator of mucosal immunity
-@ tears, saliva, colostrum, milk
-monomeric in serum, dimer in secretory held by j chain
-eosinophil mediated ADCC of parasitic infections

28
Q

mucosal immunity mechanism

A

IgA gets transported thru mucosal cells by coupled to secretory piece to protect it from proteolytic enzymes and glue it to mucus

secretory piece from epithelial cell Fc receptor

29
Q

IgE

A

-secreted as monomer
-eosinophil mediated ADCC of certain parasites
-binds to cell surface receptors for IgE on basophils and mast cells to mediate allergies and anaphylaxis

30
Q

IgD

A

-very low in serum but primarily @ surface of antigen naive B lymphs with IgM
-important for transduction of signals across plasma membrane for antigen driven B cell activation

31
Q

affinity

definition

A

strength of binding for antigen of 1 antigen combining site

for a pop of antibodies affinity will inc with repeated immunization with an antigen

32
Q

avidity

A

overall strength of attachment based on how many combining sites the antibody has bound

33
Q

allotype

A

differences in constant regions of antibodies but same isotype bc of multiple alleles

34
Q

idiotype

A

collection of hypervariable regions by heavy and light chains that form antigen binding site

Block 3 Found Sci (60 decks)

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