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Block 3 Found Sci > 3-Antibiotics > Flashcards

3-Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

chemotherapy

A

treat of dz with use of chemicals to kill/impair growth of microorgs
-antimicrobial or antibacterial

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2
Q

selective toxicity

A

leveraging biochem diff b/t host and pathogen to kill/inhib without harming host

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3
Q

bacteriotstatic

A

no overt killing
-therapeutic success dep on host immunity, buy time for host
-non life threatening

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4
Q

bactericidal

A

overt killing
use when immune sys not counted on to combat pathogen
-immunocomp patients, life threatening dz

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5
Q

broad spectrum

A

cover large variety of bacteria
-useful for life threatening to cover unknown cause of infection

can disrupt normal microbiota

ampicillin

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6
Q

narrow spectrum

A

cover only small subset of bacteria
-avoid disrupting normal microbiota
-have to id causative agent to be confident

methicillin

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7
Q

antibiotic synergism

A

combo two antib with enhanced bactericidal activity when used together

trimethoprim + sulfonamide

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8
Q

antibiotic antagonism

A

combo of antib that one interferes with activity of other

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9
Q

therapy progression

A
  1. empiric- treatment while waiting for lab results
  2. targeted-
  3. adjusted
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10
Q

antibiotic naturally occuring?

A

thru random mutation or acquisition of genetic elements carrying resistnace

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11
Q

antibiotic use

A

LEADS to resistance not causes

bc enriches spread of bacteria

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12
Q

causes of resistance crisis

A
  1. overuse and inapprop prescribing
  2. extensive use in agriculture
  3. lack of discovery/development
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13
Q

what can physicians do

A
  1. follow protocols
  2. use diagnostics
  3. only prescribe when needed
    4.
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14
Q

when are antibs necessary

A
  1. surgery
  2. chronic conditions
  3. organ transplants
  4. dialysis
  5. cancer therapy
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15
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration

MIC

A

to test susceptibilty- lowest antib concentratin that inhibits growth

in broth culture, culture on agar (kirby bauer, E test)

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16
Q

minimum bactericidal concentration

A

lowest amount that kills 99.9%

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17
Q

agar based methods

MIC

A
  1. bacteria spread evenly on agar
  2. paper disc with antib (kirby bauer disk diffusion) OR paper strip with concentration gradient
  3. allow grow for 24-48 hr
  4. measure zone of inhibition
18
Q

broth culture MIC and MBC

A

multi tubes with decreasing amount of antibs
-can visually see minimum concnetration that worked

then do MBC to see how many actually died (rather than just inhibited)

19
Q

breakpoint tables

A

MIC values compared
-specific to each org/antib

categorized as suspectible, intermed, resistant

20
Q

susceptible

A

therapeutic success is likely
-inhibits growth is usually achieved

21
Q

intermed

A
22
Q

resistant

A
23
Q

dec influx + active efflux

mechanism

A

drug pumped out
or not come in by dec porin permeabilty

24
Q

targetting

mechanism

A

-modify
-bypass
-protect
-or just no target in general

25
Q

inactivating

mechanism

A
26
Q

cell wall active

A

disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis
-effective vs actively dividing bact

27
Q

membrane active

A

disrupts membrane integrity
-vs resting and actively dividing bact

28
Q

beta-lactam antibs

A

beta lactam ring
-irreversibly bind transpeptidase and prevent cross linking

penicillin
cephalosporins

29
Q

penicillins

A
30
Q

cephalosporins

A
31
Q

beta-lactam resistance mechanisms

A
  1. dec uptake by mutating prins
  2. antibiotic degrad
    3.
32
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

irrev bind and inhibit action of susceptible beta-lactamase
-inactive the resistant mech

always given with beta-lactams

33
Q

vancomycin

A

prevents crosslinking and polymerization of peptid chain by bind D-ala
-but NOT a beta-lactam

resistance by changing D-ala to D-lactate

34
Q

bacitracin

A

inhib peptid syn by interfere with dephos the lipid carrier (bactoprenol)
-no more new NAM-NAG units added

35
Q

tetracyclines

A
36
Q

aminoglycosides

A
37
Q

macrolides

A
38
Q

quinolones

A

inhibit DNA replication via gyrases

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

39
Q

rifampin/rifabutin

A
40
Q

metronidazole

A

Block 3 Found Sci (60 decks)

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