3: Haematology - Neuroblastoma Flashcards
What is a neuroblastoma
Neuroendocrine tumour affecting sympathetic NS
Where does a neuroblastoma arise
Originate in neural crest cells
What two sites can a neuroblastoma be found
Arise at adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglion
What is the most common extra-cranial solid malignancy in children
Neuroblastoma
What mean-age do neuroblastomas occur
1-2 years
What causes neuroblastomas
Deletion short-arm chromosome 1p causing over-expression MCYN
What are 3 maternal RF for neuroblastoma
- Opioids
- GDM
- Folate Deficiency
What are 4 infantile factors increases risk of neuroblastoma
- Turner’s
- Beckwith- weideman
- Hirschsprungs
- Neurofibromatosis
What are two general symptoms of neuroblastoma
FTT
HTN
Why may HTN occur in neuroblastoma
Tumour of adrenal medulla compresses renal.a
What are abdominal signs of neuroblastoma
Abdominal distention
Palpable irregular mass
Hepatomegaly
When does chest involvement occur in neuroblastoma
If tumour is in paravertebral ganglion
What are chest symptoms of neuroblastoma
Dyspnoea
Cough
Spinal cord compression
What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with neuroblastoma
- VIP
- Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia
What does VIP cause
Chronic diarrhoea and electrolyte imbalance
