2: Psychology - ADHD

Question 1

What is ADHD

Answer 1

Neurodevelopment disorder characterised by hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Symptoms must significantly impact social functioning

Question 2

What is the most common neurobiological disorder

Answer 2

ADHD

Question 3

Which gender is affected more by ADHD

Answer 3

Males (4:1)

Question 4

When does ADHD usually manifest

Answer 4

3-7 years

Question 5

What is biggest contributor to ADHD

Answer 5

Genetic (80%)

Question 6

What environmental factors increase risk of ADHD

Answer 6

In-utero nicotine
Obstetric complications
Low birth weight

Question 7

What does ICD-10 state must be present to diagnose ADHD

Answer 7

Must have deficits in two of the following that manifest before age 7:

1. Hyperactivity
2. Inattention
3. Impulsivity

Question 8

What are 4 manifestations of hyperactivity

Answer 8

• Cannot remain in seat
• Fidgets
• Runs and Climbs excessively
• Talks excessively

Question 9

What are 2 symptoms of impulsivity

Answer 9

• Blurts out answer before question finished

- Difficultly waiting turn

Question 10

What are 4 symptoms of inattention

Answer 10

• Does not follow through
• Easily distracted
• Forgetful
• Does not engage in mentally challenging tasks
• Looses things

Question 11

What two condition is ADHD associated with

Answer 11

Conduct disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 12

How may conduct disorder manifest

Answer 12

• Lying
• Truancy
• Fighting
• Bullying
• Staying out late

Question 13

How may oppositional defiant disorder manifest

Answer 13

• Deliberately annoying others
• Arguing with adults
• Temper outbursts

Question 14

What must diagnosis include

Answer 14

Meets DSM-V criteria

Cause impairment in social functioning

Pervasive: exist in two or more domains

Question 15

Who should be involved in ADHD

Answer 15

CAMHS and MDT

Question 16

How is diagnosis made

Answer 16

Specialist paediatrician and psychiatrist based on:

• Psychiatric assessment
• Developmental history
• Clinical assessment

Question 17

If a child under-5 is suspected to have a diagnosis of ADHD, how is it managed

Answer 17

• Environmental modifications

- ADHD-focused group parent training programs

Question 18

What should NOT be done for ADHD in children under 5

Answer 18

Do not give medication to children under-5

Question 19

What is done conservatively for children over-5 with ADHD

Answer 19

• Environmental modification (Liase with school)
• Parental education
• Parent training programs if conduct disorder

Question 20

When is medication offered first-line for ADHD

Answer 20

Methylphenidate (Ritilin)

Question 21

What is second-line for ADHD and when is it indicated

Answer 21

Lisexamfetamine

Question 22

If impairment remains on medication what is offered

Answer 22

CBT

Question 23

Explain rule 1/3 in ADHD in adolsecence

Answer 23

1/3: require medication
1/3: symptoms not-requiring medication
1/3: asymptomatic