1: Infections - Gastroenteritis

Question 1

What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children

Answer 1

Rotavirus

Question 2

What are 4 causes of viral gastroenteritis in children

Answer 2

Small round viruses (Norwalk agent)
Astrovirus
Adenovirus

Question 3

What can cause diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients

Answer 3

CMV

Question 4

When is bacterial diarrhoea more common

Answer 4

In children under 2-years

Question 5

What is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea

Answer 5

Campylobacter

Question 6

What are 5 causes of bacterial diarrhoea

Answer 6

E.Coli 
Salmonella 
Shigella 
Yersinia 
Bacillus cereus

Question 7

What are 3 risk factors for gastroenteritis in children

Answer 7

Infant under 1-year
Low birth weight
Infant just stopped breast feeding

Question 8

What are 3 symptoms of gastroenteritis in children

Answer 8

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Dehydration

Question 9

What should be assessed in all children with gastroenteritis

Answer 9

Hydration status

Question 10

How can hydration status in gastroenteritis be divided

Answer 10

1. Non-clinically detectable dehydration
2. Clinically detectable dehydration
3. Clinical shock

Question 11

What are 5 features of non-clinically dehydration

Answer 11

• Well
• Alert
• Normal Skin colour
• Normal Urine Output
• Warm extremities

Question 12

What are 5 signs of non-clinically detectable dehydration

Answer 12

Normal Observations 
Normal Cap Refil
Normal Skin Turgor 
Eyes not sunken 
Moist mucous membranes

Question 13

What are 5 symptoms of clinically detectable dehydration

Answer 13

• Unwell
• Altered responsiveness
• Decreased urine output
• Warm extremities
• Normal skin colour

Question 14

What are 5 signs of clinically detectable dehydration

Answer 14

• Tachycardia
• Tachypnoea
• Sunken eyes
• Dry mucous membranes
• Reduced skin turgor

Question 15

What are 3 symptoms of clinical shock

Answer 15

• Mottled pale skin
• Decreased consciousness
• Cold extremities

Question 16

What are 5 signs of clinical shock

Answer 16

• Tachycardia
• Tachypneoa
• Hypotension
• Prolonged capillary refill
• Weak peripheral pulses

Question 17

What is usually associated with rotavirus

Answer 17

URTI 1-3d previously

Question 18

How is gastroenteritis usually diagnosed

Answer 18

Clinically

Question 19

How long does diarrhoea persist for in gastroenteritis

Answer 19

5-7d

Question 20

How long does vomiting persist for in gastroenteritis

Answer 20

1-2d

Question 21

When may stool MC+S and be performed

Answer 21

• Diarrhoea persists beyond 7d
• Unsure about diagnosis
• Suspect sepsis
• Blood in stool
• Immunocomprimised

Question 22

When are children usually immunised against rotavirus

Answer 22

2 and 3-months

Question 23

How is gastroenteritis without clinically detectable dehydration managed

Answer 23

Continue Feeds

Increase fluid-intake

Question 24

How is gastroenteritis with clinical dehydration managed

Answer 24

Oral rehydration solution

Stop feeds until dehydration corrected

Question 25

With what virus may diarrhoea persist beyond 7-days

Answer 25

Adenovirus

Question 26

What is a complication of campylobacter infection

Answer 26

Gullian Barre Syndrome

Question 27

What organisms can cause haemolytic uraemia syndrome

Answer 27

Shigella

E.Coli: 0157

Question 28

What organism can cause a reactive arthropathy

Answer 28

Yersinia

Question 29

What is post-gastroenteritis syndrome

Answer 29

Diarrhoea after introducing food after gastroenteritis due to development of temporary lactose intolerance