1: Infections - Gastroenteritis Flashcards
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children
Rotavirus
What are 4 causes of viral gastroenteritis in children
Small round viruses (Norwalk agent)
Astrovirus
Adenovirus
What can cause diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients
CMV
When is bacterial diarrhoea more common
In children under 2-years
What is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea
Campylobacter
What are 5 causes of bacterial diarrhoea
E.Coli Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Bacillus cereus
What are 3 risk factors for gastroenteritis in children
Infant under 1-year
Low birth weight
Infant just stopped breast feeding
What are 3 symptoms of gastroenteritis in children
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
What should be assessed in all children with gastroenteritis
Hydration status
How can hydration status in gastroenteritis be divided
- Non-clinically detectable dehydration
- Clinically detectable dehydration
- Clinical shock
What are 5 features of non-clinically dehydration
- Well
- Alert
- Normal Skin colour
- Normal Urine Output
- Warm extremities
What are 5 signs of non-clinically detectable dehydration
Normal Observations Normal Cap Refil Normal Skin Turgor Eyes not sunken Moist mucous membranes
What are 5 symptoms of clinically detectable dehydration
- Unwell
- Altered responsiveness
- Decreased urine output
- Warm extremities
- Normal skin colour
What are 5 signs of clinically detectable dehydration
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnoea
- Sunken eyes
- Dry mucous membranes
- Reduced skin turgor
What are 3 symptoms of clinical shock
- Mottled pale skin
- Decreased consciousness
- Cold extremities
What are 5 signs of clinical shock
- Tachycardia
- Tachypneoa
- Hypotension
- Prolonged capillary refill
- Weak peripheral pulses
What is usually associated with rotavirus
URTI 1-3d previously
How is gastroenteritis usually diagnosed
Clinically
How long does diarrhoea persist for in gastroenteritis
5-7d
How long does vomiting persist for in gastroenteritis
1-2d
When may stool MC+S and be performed
- Diarrhoea persists beyond 7d
- Unsure about diagnosis
- Suspect sepsis
- Blood in stool
- Immunocomprimised
When are children usually immunised against rotavirus
2 and 3-months
How is gastroenteritis without clinically detectable dehydration managed
Continue Feeds
Increase fluid-intake
How is gastroenteritis with clinical dehydration managed
Oral rehydration solution
Stop feeds until dehydration corrected
With what virus may diarrhoea persist beyond 7-days
Adenovirus
What is a complication of campylobacter infection
Gullian Barre Syndrome
What organisms can cause haemolytic uraemia syndrome
Shigella
E.Coli: 0157
What organism can cause a reactive arthropathy
Yersinia
What is post-gastroenteritis syndrome
Diarrhoea after introducing food after gastroenteritis due to development of temporary lactose intolerance
