1: GI - Acute Abdomen

Question 1

What is problem with acute-abdomen in children under 8

Answer 1

• Abdominal pain is very non-specific in children. Hence there is a greater dependence on history to elicit factors

Question 2

What may hard or no faeces indicate

Answer 2

Constipation

Question 3

If someone who is afro-carribean has abdominal pain, what are the main concerns

Answer 3

Sickle cell crisis

Question 4

what are causes of right and left hypochrondrium pain in children

Answer 4

URTI

Pneumonia

Question 5

what can cause epigastric pain in children

Answer 5

GORD

Question 6

how does hirschsprungs present

Answer 6

Painless abdominal distention

Question 7

what can cause umbilical abdominal pain

Answer 7

• Intusussception
• Gastroenteritis
• DKA
• Sickle cell disease
• Functional

Question 8

how does intussusception present

Answer 8

Colicky abdominal pain

Uncontrollable crying

Question 9

what can cause flank pain in children

Answer 9

Pyelonephritis

Question 10

what can cause right iliac fossa pain in children

Answer 10

Mesenteric adenitis
Appendicitis
Testicular and ovarian-torsion

Question 11

how does mesenteric adenitis present in history

Answer 11

Often following tonsillitis

Question 12

in which age-group is appendicitis rare

Answer 12

Under 5’s

[But if it does occur, common cause perforation]

Question 13

what can cause left illiac-fossa pain

Answer 13

Meckel’s diverticulum

Constipation

Question 14

what are ‘symptoms of acute abdomen’ in infants

Answer 14

• Crying
• Restlessness
• Drawing up of knees

Question 15

when can children indicate site of pain

Answer 15

2-years

Question 16

what are common causes of acute-abdomen in neonates

Answer 16

• Volvulus
• Necrotising enterocolitis
• Hirschsprung’s
• Meconium ileum

Question 17

what are common causes of acute-abdomen in toddler’s

Answer 17

• Meckel’s
• Gastroenteritis
• Intussusception
• Volvulus
• Appendicitis

Question 18

what are common causes of acute-abdomen in children and adolescents

Answer 18

• Appendicitis
• IBD
• Ovarian torsion
• Meckel’s diverticulum
• Pancreatitis

Question 19

how does appendicitis present

Answer 19

Pain starts T10 then radiates to the right iliac-fossa

Question 20

when is pain in appendicitis worse

Answer 20

on moving

Question 21

what is mesenteric adenitis

Answer 21

enlargement lymph nodes within the mesentery

Question 22

what is a distinguishing feature of mesenteric adenitis from appendicitis

Answer 22

often occurs following URTI

Question 23

how is mesenteric adenitis diagnosed

Answer 23

laparoscopy: normal appendix and enlarged lymph nodes

Question 24

when does mesenteric adenitis resolve

Answer 24

self resolve in 24-48h

Question 25

what is meckel’s diverticulitis

Answer 25

congenital remnant of omphalomesenteric duct

Question 26

how does meckel’s diverticulum present

Answer 26

• Abdominal pain that mimics appendicitis
• Rectal bleeding
• Intestinal obstruction

Question 27

what is the main cause of large GI bleeds requiring transfusion in 1-2 year-olds

Answer 27

Meckel diverticulum

Question 28

where does meckel diverticulum usually occur

Answer 28

2-feet from ileocaecal valve

Question 29

how is meckel diverticulum managed

Answer 29

wedge excision or small bowel resection