2: Urology- Cryptorchidism Flashcards
Define cryptorchidism
Undescended testes by 3-months
What % of males testes are undescended at birth
5
What % are undescended at 3-months
1-2
What is time frame to diagnose cryptorchidism
3-months
What are 4 associations with undescended tests
- Patent processus vaginalis
- Wilms tumour
- Gastrochisis
- Cerebral palsy
What is a risk-factor for cryptorchidism and why
Pre-maturity.
As testes pass into scrotum during third-trimester
How do majority of undescended testes present
Inguinal testes: palpable between internal and external inguinal ring
What are intra-abdominal testes
Testes within the abdomen (proximal to inguinal ring)
What are ascending testes
When manipulated into scrotal pouch, will immediately retract
What is Ddx of cryptorchidism
Retractile testes
What are rectratile testes
When cold testes may enter inguinal pouch
How can retractile testes be differentiated
Can be milked down if squatting, cross-legged or in a warm bath
If palpable undescended testes what further investigation is needed
USS
If impalpable testes what does it mean
Intra-abdominal
What is problem with intra-abdominal testes
Increases risk of malignancy
