3 Fighting Disease

Question 1

What are the ways of the body to defend it self against the entry of pathogens using non-specific defence systems

Answer 1

The skin, Nose, trachea, bronchi and stomachs have features to stop pathogens entering the body

Question 2

How does the skin defend itself against Pathogens

Answer 2

Acts as a barrier to pathogens. It also secretes antimicrobial substances which kills pathogens

Question 3

How does the hair protect from pathogens

Answer 3

Hair and mucus in the nose trap particles that could contain pathogens

Question 4

How does the Trachea and bronchi defend itself

Answer 4

Secrete mucus to trap pathogens and lined with cilia which are hair like structures that waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

Question 5

How does the stomach protect itself

Answer 5

Produces hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens that make it that far from the mouth

Question 6

How does the white blood cells help defend the body against pathogens and destroy them

Answer 6

The white blood cells can produce antibodies and antitoxins and engulf pathogens by phagocytosisa

Question 7

How does antitoxins help

Answer 7

Counteract toxins produced by invading bacteria

Question 8

How does producing antibodies help

Answer 8

Every pathogen has unique monocles called antigens. When white blood cells come across a foreign antigen they will produce proteins called antibodies to lock onto invading cells so they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells. Antibodies produced a specific to that type of antigen so they won’t lock onto any others. Antibodies are then produced to find similar bacteria or viruses. If the person is infected by the same pathogen white blood cells produce the antibodies to kill it so the person is naturally immune to that pathogen and can’t get ill