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Physical Assessment > 3 Abnormal findings in Lungs + Thorax > Flashcards

3 Abnormal findings in Lungs + Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

types of adventitious breath sounds

A
  • fine
  • coarse
  • rhonchi
  • wheeze
  • stridor
  • friction rub
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2
Q

fine rales/crackles

A

high pitched, short, cracking

-end of I, does NOT clear w cough

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3
Q

coarse rales/crackles

A

loud, moist, low pitches, bubbling

-end of I, does NOT clear w cough

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4
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched, continuous, snoring, rattling

-E/I, clears/changes w cough

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5
Q

wheeze

A

high pitched, continuous

-E/I when severe

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6
Q

stridor

A

loud, high pitched crowing heard w/o stethoscope

-I

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7
Q

friction rub

A

low pitched, grating, rubbing

-E/I

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8
Q

discontinuous sounds

A

crackles/rales

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9
Q

continuous sounds

A

wheeze, rhonchi

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10
Q

cause of fine/coarse rales/crackles

A

collapsed/fluid filled alveoli open

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11
Q

cause of rhonchi

A

fluid-blocked airways

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12
Q

cause of wheeze

A

blocked airflow in asthma, infection, foreign body obstruction

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13
Q

cause of stridor

A

obstructed UPPER airway

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14
Q

cause of friction rub

A

pleural inflammation

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15
Q

consolidation

A

portions of lungs that are normally filled w air instead contains fluid or tissue

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16
Q

bronchophony

[norm + abnorm]

A
  • say 99 each time stethoscope touches
    norm: muffled sounds
    abnorm: loud/more distinct means consolidation
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17
Q

egophony

[norm + abnorm]

A
  • say EEEEE each time stethoscope touches
    norm: eeeee
    abnorm: sounds like aaayy in areas of consolidation
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18
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

[norm + abnorm]

A
  • whisper 1,2,3
    norm: faint, non-distinguishable
    abnorm: loud + clear over consolidation
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19
Q

frequent site of aspiration pneumonia

A

right middle lobe

-4-6th intercostal space

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20
Q

tachypnea

A

-rapid shallow

>24

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21
Q

bradypnea

A

slow, reg resp

<10

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22
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid, deep resp

>24

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23
Q

hypoventilation

A

irregular, shallow resp

<10

24
Q

cheyne-strokes

A

period of deep breaths + periods of apnea

25
Q

biot’s

A

shallow, deep resp w periods of apnea

26
Q

obstructive breathing

A

prolonged expiration

27
Q

common causes of tachypnea

A
  • fever
  • fear
  • exercise
  • resp insufficient
  • pleuritic pain
  • alkalosis
  • PNA
28
Q

common causes of bradypnea

A
  • diabetic coma
  • drug induced resp depress
  • incr ICP
29
Q

common causes of hyperventilation

A

-extreme exertion
-fear
-diabetic ketoacid
-hypoxia
salicylate overdose
-hypoglycemia

30
Q

common causes of hypoventilation

A
  • narcotic overdose
  • anesthetics
  • prolonged bed rest
  • drug induced resp depress
31
Q

common causes of cheyne-strokes

A
  • normal in kids + aging
  • HF
  • uremia
  • brain damage
  • drug induced resp depress
32
Q

common causes of biot’s

A
  • brain damage

- resp depress

33
Q

common causes of obstructive breathing

A

-COPD asthma chronic bronchitis

34
Q

asthma

A

chronic hyperreactive condition resulting in bronchospasms, mucosal edema, incr mucus secretion
-response to inhaled irritants or allergens

35
Q

asthma

[subjective findings]

A
  • dyspnea
  • anxiety
  • chest pain
36
Q

asthma

[objective findings]

A
  • wheeze
  • diminished breath sounds
  • -absent if severe
  • incr resp rate
  • incr use of accessory muscles
  • decr O2 sat
37
Q

atelactasis

A

collapse due to airway obstruction (mucous plug, lack of surfactant, compressed chest wall)

38
Q

atelactasis

[subjective findings]

A
  • absence of symptom if only small portion is affected

- dyspnea if significant portion of lung is affected

39
Q

atelactasis

[objective findings]

A
  • decr/absent breath sounds over affected area
  • incr resp rate
  • decr O2 sat
  • cyanosis if severe
40
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of traceobronchial tree

-leads to incr mucus production + blocked airway

41
Q

chronic bronchitis

[subjective findings]

A
  • dyspnea

- fatigue r/t incr work breathing

42
Q

chronic bronchitis

[objective findings]

A
  • **chronic productive cough
  • incr resp rate
  • use of accessory muscle
  • wheeze/rhonchi
43
Q

emphysema

A

chronic inflammation of lungs leads to destruction of alveoli + decr elasticity
-air is trapped + lungs hyperinflate

44
Q

emphysema

[subjective findings]

A
  • dyspnea

- air hunger r/t hypoxemia + CO2 retension + air trap

45
Q

emphysema

[objective findings]

A
  • barrel chest
  • cyanosis
  • hypercarbia
  • clubbing
  • diminished breath sounds
46
Q

lobar PNA

A

infection that causes fluid, bacteria, + cellular debris to fill alveoli

47
Q

lobar PNA

[subjective findings]

A
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • chills
48
Q

lobar PNA

[objective findings]

A
  • incr reso rate
  • fever
  • productive cough
  • decr O2 sat
  • bronchial breath sounds + CRACKLES
49
Q

pleural effusion

[objective findings]

A
  • cough
  • dininished breath sonds
  • decr/absent fremitus
  • no voice transmittion
50
Q

pneumothorax

A

air moves into pleural space

  • causes partial/complete collapse of lungs
  • can be spontaneous, traumatic, or tension
51
Q

pneumothorax

[objective findings]

A
  • incr resp rate
  • decr O2 sat
  • diminished/absent breath sounds over affected area
  • decr chest wall expansion
  • tracheal deviated to unaffected area
52
Q

Pursed lip breathing

A

Physiologic response to slow down expiration

-CHF, emphysema, asthma

53
Q

Resonance

A

(loud, low pitched, hollow, lungs)
-normal
-You CANNOT auscultate resonance
You can only percuss

54
Q

Hyperresonance

A

(abnormally loud, air trapped in lungs)

-abnormal

55
Q

Flatness/Dull

A

(high pitched, soft, sort, muscle or bones, over ribs)

-abnormal

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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