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Physical Assessment > 18 Cardiovascular Sytem ABNORMALITIES > Flashcards

18 Cardiovascular Sytem ABNORMALITIES Flashcards

1
Q

flushed skin may indicate…

A

rheumatic heart disease

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2
Q

grayish undertones may indicate…

A

coronary artery disease or shock

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3
Q

ruddy color may indicate…

A
  • polycythemia

- cushing syndrome

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4
Q

protruding eyes may indicate…

A

hyper-thyroid

  • results in high CO +
  • tachycardia +
  • congestive HF
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5
Q

arcus

A

ringlike structure around eyes

-may indicate hypercholesterolemia

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6
Q

blue sclera may indicate…

A

marfan syndrome

-hard on heart

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7
Q

xanthelasma

A

yellowish cholesterol deposit seen on eyelids

-premature atheroscletosis

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8
Q

wise set eyes in kids is assoc w ____ and is accompanied w _____

A

NOONAN SYNDROME, pulmonic stenosis

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9
Q

obvious pulsations of jugular veins are commonly seen w _____

A

severe congestive heart failure

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10
Q

jugular vein is normally ___ above sternal angle

A

3cm

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11
Q

clubbing bilaterally may indicate…

A

congenital heart disease

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12
Q

thin red ines/splinter hemorrhage may indicate…

A

infective endocarditis

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13
Q

entire precordium pulsates + shakes w every heartbeat may indicate…

A

extreme valvular regurgitation or shunting

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14
Q

pulsations present in pulmonic [2nd ICS, LSB] indicate…

A

pulmonary artery dilations or excessive BF

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15
Q

pulsations present in 3-5th ICS, LSB indicate…

A

ventricular overload

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16
Q

heave or lift found in LSB, 3-5th ICS may indicate

A
  • RT ventricular hypertrophy

- respiratory disease

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17
Q

scoliosis is assoc w…

A

prolapsed mitral valve

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18
Q

pulsation/heaves in aortic [RSB, 2 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • ascending aortic enlargement
  • ascending aortic aneurysm
  • aortic STENOSIS
  • systemic HTN
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19
Q

pulsation/heaves in pulmonic [LSB, 2 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • pulmonary HTN
  • pulmo stenosis
  • RT ventricular enlargement
  • atrial septal defect
  • enlarged left atrium
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20
Q

pulsation/heaves in erb + tricuspid [LSB, 3-4 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • RT ventricular enlardgment
  • pressure overload
  • pulmo stenosis
  • pulmo HTN
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21
Q

pulsation/heaves in subxiphoid process may indicate…

A
  • elevated rt ventricular volume

- pressure overload

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22
Q

diminished/absent carotid pulse may indicate

A
  • carotid disease

- dissecting ascending aneurysm

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23
Q

bruit

A

loud blowing sound

  • abnormal
  • assoc w narrowing/stricture of artery
  • assoc w atherosclerosis plaque
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24
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

oxygen needs of the body are heightened, thus increasing the work of the heart
-when O2 needs are not met, it works harder

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25
myocardial ischemia is usually caused by...
- atherosclerosis plaque | - blood clot (also assoc w plaque)
26
myocardial ischemia/infarction | subjective finding
- pain in chest, neck, jaw - SOB - nausea - anxiety
27
myocardial ischemia/infarction | objective finding
- diaphoresis - pallor - vomiting - changes or abnormalities on EKG
28
MI
complete disruption of O2 + nutrient flow to myocardial tissue -caused by ischemia to cardiac muscle
29
heart failure
-inability of heart to produce sufficient pumping effort
30
Right sided HF
causes backup of blood into systemic circulation
31
Right sided HF | subjective finding
- fatigue - weakness - mental confusion - loss of appetite
32
Right sided HF | objective finding
- JVD - HTN - liver congestion - peripheral edema
33
Left sided HF
causes blood to back up into pulmo system | -results in pulmo edema
34
Left sided HF | subjective finding
- dyspnea | - SOB
35
Left sided HF | objective finding
- frothy sputum - adventitious breath sounds [cracle, rhonci, rales] - decr O2 sat
36
ventricular hypertrophy
occurs in response to pumping against high pressures
37
Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs w...
- pulmo HTN - congenital heart disease - pulmo disease - pulmo stenosis - right vent infarction
38
Left ventricular hypertrophy occurs w...
- systemic HTN - congenital heart disease - aortic stenosis - MI to left
39
ventricular hypertrophy | subjective finding
- chest pain - dizzy - SOB
40
ventricular hypertrophy | objective finding
- cardiac dysrhythmias | - tachycardia
41
Valvular Heart Disease
either stenosis or regurgitation
42
Valvular Heart Disease may be caused by...
- rheumatic fever - congenital defects - MI - normal aging
43
Septal defects
opening bt right and left side - atrial septal defect is opening in atrium - ventricular septal defect is opening bw ventricles
44
septal defects result from...
- congenital heart disease | - MI
45
mitral stenosis | common causes
- rheumatic fever | - cardiac infection
46
mitral stenosis | findings
-murmur in apical area
47
mitral regurgitation [backflow of blood fr LV ro LA] | common causes
- rheumatic fever - MI - rupture of chordae tendinae
48
mitral regurgitation | findings
- murmur at apex | - sound transmits to L axillae
49
aortic stenosis | common causes
- congenital bicuspid valve - rheumatic heart disease - atherosclerosis
50
aortic stenosis | findings
-murmur at aortic area [RSB, 2 ICS]
51
pulmonic stenosis
narrowing bw pulmo artery + RIGHT ventricle
52
pulmonic stenosis | common causes
congenital
53
pulmonic stenosis | findings
- murmur at pulmonic area - --radiates to neck - thrill in left 2nd + 3rd ICS
54
tricuspid stenosis | common causes
- rheumatic heart disease - congenital defect - right atrial myxoma (tumor)
55
tricuspid stenosis | findings
-murmur over tricuspid
56
mitral valve prolapse
prolapse into left atrium
57
mitral valve prolapse | common cause
- pectus excavatum | - often unknown
58
mitral valve prolapse | findings
- murmur | - nonejection clicks heard on LEFT lower sternal border
59
aortic regurgitation
backflow from aorta into left ventricle
60
aortic regurgitation | common cause
- rheumatic heart disease - endocarditis - marfan - syphilis
61
aortic regurgitation | findings
murmur w patient leaning forward | -click in second ICS
62
ventricular septal defect
regurgitation results in holosystolic murmur that is loud, high pitched, heard at LSB 3-5 ICS
63
atrial septal defect
regurgitation results in harsh loud high pitched mutmur | @ 2 ICS LSB

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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