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Physical Assessment > 18 Cardiovascular Sytem ABNORMALITIES > Flashcards

18 Cardiovascular Sytem ABNORMALITIES Flashcards

1
Q

flushed skin may indicate…

A

rheumatic heart disease

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2
Q

grayish undertones may indicate…

A

coronary artery disease or shock

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3
Q

ruddy color may indicate…

A
  • polycythemia

- cushing syndrome

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4
Q

protruding eyes may indicate…

A

hyper-thyroid

  • results in high CO +
  • tachycardia +
  • congestive HF
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5
Q

arcus

A

ringlike structure around eyes

-may indicate hypercholesterolemia

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6
Q

blue sclera may indicate…

A

marfan syndrome

-hard on heart

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7
Q

xanthelasma

A

yellowish cholesterol deposit seen on eyelids

-premature atheroscletosis

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8
Q

wise set eyes in kids is assoc w ____ and is accompanied w _____

A

NOONAN SYNDROME, pulmonic stenosis

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9
Q

obvious pulsations of jugular veins are commonly seen w _____

A

severe congestive heart failure

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10
Q

jugular vein is normally ___ above sternal angle

A

3cm

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11
Q

clubbing bilaterally may indicate…

A

congenital heart disease

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12
Q

thin red ines/splinter hemorrhage may indicate…

A

infective endocarditis

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13
Q

entire precordium pulsates + shakes w every heartbeat may indicate…

A

extreme valvular regurgitation or shunting

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14
Q

pulsations present in pulmonic [2nd ICS, LSB] indicate…

A

pulmonary artery dilations or excessive BF

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15
Q

pulsations present in 3-5th ICS, LSB indicate…

A

ventricular overload

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16
Q

heave or lift found in LSB, 3-5th ICS may indicate

A
  • RT ventricular hypertrophy

- respiratory disease

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17
Q

scoliosis is assoc w…

A

prolapsed mitral valve

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18
Q

pulsation/heaves in aortic [RSB, 2 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • ascending aortic enlargement
  • ascending aortic aneurysm
  • aortic STENOSIS
  • systemic HTN
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19
Q

pulsation/heaves in pulmonic [LSB, 2 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • pulmonary HTN
  • pulmo stenosis
  • RT ventricular enlargement
  • atrial septal defect
  • enlarged left atrium
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20
Q

pulsation/heaves in erb + tricuspid [LSB, 3-4 ICS] may indicate..

A
  • RT ventricular enlardgment
  • pressure overload
  • pulmo stenosis
  • pulmo HTN
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21
Q

pulsation/heaves in subxiphoid process may indicate…

A
  • elevated rt ventricular volume

- pressure overload

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22
Q

diminished/absent carotid pulse may indicate

A
  • carotid disease

- dissecting ascending aneurysm

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23
Q

bruit

A

loud blowing sound

  • abnormal
  • assoc w narrowing/stricture of artery
  • assoc w atherosclerosis plaque
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24
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

oxygen needs of the body are heightened, thus increasing the work of the heart
-when O2 needs are not met, it works harder

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25
Q

myocardial ischemia is usually caused by…

A
  • atherosclerosis plaque

- blood clot (also assoc w plaque)

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26
Q

myocardial ischemia/infarction

subjective finding

A
  • pain in chest, neck, jaw
  • SOB
  • nausea
  • anxiety
27
Q

myocardial ischemia/infarction

objective finding

A
  • diaphoresis
  • pallor
  • vomiting
  • changes or abnormalities on EKG
28
Q

MI

A

complete disruption of O2 + nutrient flow to myocardial tissue
-caused by ischemia to cardiac muscle

29
Q

heart failure

A

-inability of heart to produce sufficient pumping effort

30
Q

Right sided HF

A

causes backup of blood into systemic circulation

31
Q

Right sided HF

subjective finding

A
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • mental confusion
  • loss of appetite
32
Q

Right sided HF

objective finding

A
  • JVD
  • HTN
  • liver congestion
  • peripheral edema
33
Q

Left sided HF

A

causes blood to back up into pulmo system

-results in pulmo edema

34
Q

Left sided HF

subjective finding

A
  • dyspnea

- SOB

35
Q

Left sided HF

objective finding

A
  • frothy sputum
  • adventitious breath sounds [cracle, rhonci, rales]
  • decr O2 sat
36
Q

ventricular hypertrophy

A

occurs in response to pumping against high pressures

37
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs w…

A
  • pulmo HTN
  • congenital heart disease
  • pulmo disease
  • pulmo stenosis
  • right vent infarction
38
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy occurs w…

A
  • systemic HTN
  • congenital heart disease
  • aortic stenosis
  • MI to left
39
Q

ventricular hypertrophy

subjective finding

A
  • chest pain
  • dizzy
  • SOB
40
Q

ventricular hypertrophy

objective finding

A
  • cardiac dysrhythmias

- tachycardia

41
Q

Valvular Heart Disease

A

either stenosis or regurgitation

42
Q

Valvular Heart Disease may be caused by…

A
  • rheumatic fever
  • congenital defects
  • MI
  • normal aging
43
Q

Septal defects

A

opening bt right and left side

  • atrial septal defect is opening in atrium
  • ventricular septal defect is opening bw ventricles
44
Q

septal defects result from…

A
  • congenital heart disease

- MI

45
Q

mitral stenosis

common causes

A
  • rheumatic fever

- cardiac infection

46
Q

mitral stenosis

findings

A

-murmur in apical area

47
Q

mitral regurgitation [backflow of blood fr LV ro LA]

common causes

A
  • rheumatic fever
  • MI
  • rupture of chordae tendinae
48
Q

mitral regurgitation

findings

A
  • murmur at apex

- sound transmits to L axillae

49
Q

aortic stenosis

common causes

A
  • congenital bicuspid valve
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • atherosclerosis
50
Q

aortic stenosis

findings

A

-murmur at aortic area [RSB, 2 ICS]

51
Q

pulmonic stenosis

A

narrowing bw pulmo artery + RIGHT ventricle

52
Q

pulmonic stenosis

common causes

A

congenital

53
Q

pulmonic stenosis

findings

A
  • murmur at pulmonic area
  • –radiates to neck
  • thrill in left 2nd + 3rd ICS
54
Q

tricuspid stenosis

common causes

A
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • congenital defect
  • right atrial myxoma (tumor)
55
Q

tricuspid stenosis

findings

A

-murmur over tricuspid

56
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

prolapse into left atrium

57
Q

mitral valve prolapse

common cause

A
  • pectus excavatum

- often unknown

58
Q

mitral valve prolapse

findings

A
  • murmur

- nonejection clicks heard on LEFT lower sternal border

59
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow from aorta into left ventricle

60
Q

aortic regurgitation

common cause

A
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • endocarditis
  • marfan
  • syphilis
61
Q

aortic regurgitation

findings

A

murmur w patient leaning forward

-click in second ICS

62
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

regurgitation results in holosystolic murmur that is loud, high pitched, heard at LSB 3-5 ICS

63
Q

atrial septal defect

A

regurgitation results in harsh loud high pitched mutmur

@ 2 ICS LSB

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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