19 Peripheral Vascular System ABNORMALITIES Flashcards
arterial insufficiency
inadequate circ in arterial system
-narrowing causes decr oxygen supply
arterial insufficiency is usually due to..
- buildup of fatty plaque
- calcification of arterial wall
claudification
- pain in thigh, calf or butt caused by Periph Artrl Diseas or arterial insufficiency
- pain is due to ischemia of tissue
- triggered by walked
- resolves w rest
arterial insufficiency
subjective finding
- pain,ache,burn in feet calf, thigh
- numb feet @ rest
- appearance of sympt only when walking uphill, at brisk, pace, or long periods
arterial insufficiency
objective finding
- diminished pulse
- cool, shiny skin
- absence of hair on toes
- pallor of lower extremities on elevation
- red color [RUBOR] of lower extremities when dependent
- maybe ulcer
arterial aneurysm
bulge/dilatn caused by weak arterial wall
-can be detected by bruits
arterial aneurysm can occur in…
- aorta
- abdominal [deep, difficult to discover]
- renal
- femoral
venous insufficiency
inadequate venous circ bc of incompetent valves or blood clot in deep veins
venous insufficiency
subjective finding
- feeling fullness /discomfort in leds
- exacerbated pain fr prolonged standing/sitting
- relief by rest
venous insufficiency
objective finding
- norm skin temp
- edema usually present
- thickening + brown discoloration of skin around ankles
ulcers in arterial/venous insufficiency
A: pale, well defined edge, no bleeding, difficult to heal due to lack of O2 supply
—–toes, areas of trauma, lateral malleolus
V: usually in medial malleolus, w bleeding, uneven edges, minimal pain, coarse
orthostatic hypotension
decr in sys BP >20
decr in dias BP >10
w/in 3 min of standing
-results fr abrupt periph vasodilation wo compensatory incr in CO
varicose veins aka varicosities
dilated veins w diminished rate of BF +incr intravenous pressure
varicose veins aka varicosities may be due to..
- incompetent valves that permit reflux of blood
- obstruction in proximal vein
varicose veins aka varicosities
subjective finding
- aching, burning, heaviness, tiredness, pain in legs
- exacerbation of discomfort fr extended periods of sitting/standing
- burning/itching over affected veins
varicose veins aka varicosities
objective finding
- distended twisted veins near surface
- edema in feet/ankles
- skin change inc discoloration, dryness, scaling
- skin ulcer
- bleeding after minor trauma
raynaud disease
arterioles in fingers develop spasms
- causes intermittent skin pallor/cyanosis then rubor
- mostly seen in young, healthy females
raynaud disease is frequently secondary to..
- connective tissue diease
- drug intoxication
- pulmo HTN
- trauma
raynaud disease
subjective finding
- bilateral spasms lasting min-hr
- numbness/pain during pallor/cyanotic state
- burn/throb during rubor
raynaud disease
objective finding
- skin pallor/cyanosis that may progress to rubor
- swelling of affected digits
deep vein thrombosis
occlusion of deep vein by a blood clot
-requires immediate referral bc can turn into venous thromboembolism, can migrate to lung resulting in pulmonary embolism
deep vein thrombosis
subjective finding
- absence of symptoms
- pt may describe intense sharp pain along iliac vessels in popliteal space or in calf muscle
deep vein thrombosis
objective finding
- unilateral edema
- low grade fever
- tachycardia
- venous distention
arteriovenous [AV] fistula
abnormal connection bw artery + vein
-commonly caused by piercing injuries, congenital, genetic, or procedure like cardiac catheterization
