14 - Eyes Abnormal Findings

Question 1

ptosis

Answer 1

one eyelid drooping

-can be caused by dysfnctn of CN 3

Question 2

T/F eyes that protrude beyond the supraorbital ridge is normal

Answer 2

neither

it can be normal or it can indicate hyperthyroid

Question 3

edema of eyelids can be caused by…

Answer 3

• allergies
• hrt disease
• kidney disease

Question 4

inability to move eyelid indicate

Answer 4

dysfunctn of NS inc facial nerve paralysis

Question 5

if an illuminated pupil fails to constrict, then ______

if a NONilluminated pupil fails to constrict, then ____

Answer 5

I: defect in direct pupillary response

NI: defect consensual response controlled by CN 3

Question 6

lack of convergence + accommodation (constriction) when the light moved closer indicates…

Answer 6

dysfunction of CN 3,4,6

Question 7

types of abnormalities of the eyelid

Answer 7

• blepharitis
• basal cell carcinoma
• chalazion
• hordeolum
• entropion
• ectropion
• ptosis
• periorbital edema
• exophthalmos

Question 8

blepharitis

Answer 8

• inflammationof eyelids
• staph infection
• red scaly crusted lids
• burning, itchy, tears

Question 9

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 9

• papular appearance

- usually on lower lid + medial canthus

Question 10

chalazion

Answer 10

firm, nontender nodule on the eyelid

• fr infection of meibomian gland
• not painful unless inflamed

Question 11

hordeolum

Answer 11

aka STYE

• fr staph infection of hair follicles on lids
• swollen, red, painful

Question 12

entropion

Answer 12

inversion of lid + lash

• caused by muscle spasm of eyelid
• can cause corneal friction

Question 13

ectropion

Answer 13

eversion of eyelid

• caused by muscle weakness
• exposes the conjunctiva

Question 14

periorbital edema

Answer 14

swollen puffy lids

-occurs w crying, infection, trauma, systemic problems (kidney, hrt, allergy)

Question 15

exophthalmos

Answer 15

abnormal protrusion of eyes

-secondary to graves disease/hyperthyroid

Question 16

list of abnormalities of the eye

Answer 16

• conjunctivitis
• iritis
• subconjunctival hemorrhage
• pterygium
• hyphema
• acute glaucoma
• cataract
• pingueculae

Question 17

conjunctivitis

Answer 17

aka pink eye

• infection of the conjunctiva
• caused by bacteria, virus, or chem exposure

Question 18

iritis

Answer 18

• serious disorder
• redness around iris + cornea
• decr vision
• deep, aching pain
• pupil often irregular

Question 19

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 19

• ruptured blood causes pooling

- caused by trauma, anticoag therapy, HTN, elevatoud venous pressure

Question 20

pterygium

Answer 20

noncancerous growth in conjunctiva

-may extend to sclera or cornea

Question 21

hyphema

Answer 21

collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye

• commonly caused by blunt trauma
• cause: eye surgery, blood vessel abnormality, medical problem, cancer

Question 22

acute glaucoma

Answer 22

sudden incr in intraocular pressure

• fr blocked flow of fluid fr anterior chamber
• pupil is oval shaped + dilated
• cornea is coudy w redness around
• pain onset is sudden w halos + decr vision

Question 23

cataract

Answer 23

opacity in lens

-usually occurs later in life

Question 24

pingueculae

Answer 24

yellowish nodules that are thickened in areas of bulbar conjunctiva
-caused by prolonged exposure to sun, wind, dust

Question 25

types of fundus abnormalities

Answer 25

• diabetic retinopathy
• HTN retinopathy
• age-related macular degeneration [ARMD]

Question 26

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 26

-microaneurysn, hemorrhage, macular edema, or retinal exudates

Question 27

HTN retinopathy

Answer 27

-flame hemorrhage, icking of vessels, “cotton wool” spots fr fiber infarction

Question 28

age-related macular degeneration [ARMD]

Answer 28

gradual loss of central vision

-periph vision remains

Question 29

types of impaired pupillary responses

Answer 29

• adie’s pupil
• argyll robertson pupil
• anisocoria
• CN 3 damage
• horner syndrome
• mydriasis
• monocular blindness
• miosis

Question 30

adie’s pupil

Answer 30

aka tonic pupil

• sluggish pupillary response
• can be uni or bilateral
• due to damage to parasymph nerves

Question 31

argyll robertson pupil

Answer 31

small, irregular pupils
that exists bilaterally + nonreactive to light
-occurs w CNS disorders such as tumor, syphilis, + narcotic use

Question 32

anisocoria

Answer 32

unequal pupillary size

• may be normal
• may be due to CNS disease

Question 33

CN 3 damage

Answer 33

• unilaterally dilates pupil
• no rxn to light
• ptosis

Question 34

horner syndrome

Answer 34

• blockage of symp nerve stimulation
• unilateral small regular pupil that is nonreactive to light
• may be ptosis + anhidrosis

Question 35

mydriasis

Answer 35

fixed dilated pupils

-may occur w symp nerve stim, glaucoma, CNS damage, deep anesthesia

Question 36

monocular blindness

Answer 36

results in direct + consensual response to light directed in normal eye + absence of response in either eye when light is directed in the blind eye

Question 37

miosis

Answer 37

fixed constricted pupil

-can be due to narcotics, damage to pons, or glaucoma Tx

Question 38

myopia

Answer 38

nearsighted

• generally inherited
• occurs when eye is longer than norm
• light rays focus in FRONT of the retina

Question 39

hyperopia

Answer 39

farsighted

• inherited condition
• eye is shorter than norm
• light rays focus BEHIND the retina

Question 40

astigmatism

Answer 40

often familial condition

• refraction of light is spread over a wide area rather than on a distinct point of the retina
• vision may be blurred or doubled

Question 41

presbyopia

Answer 41

age-related condition in which the lens of eye loses the ability to accommodate

Question 42

strabismus

Answer 42

axes of eyes cannot be directed at the same object

2 types: esotropia + exotropia

Question 43

esotropia

Answer 43

convergent

-eye deviates inward

Question 44

exotropia

Answer 44

divergent

-eye deviates outward

Question 45

esophoria

Answer 45

inward turning of eye

Question 46

exophoria

Answer 46

outward turning of eye

Question 47

-tropia vs -phoria

Answer 47

w phoria, deviation is a tendency but eye functions normally

w tropia, it is assoc w strabismus