14 - Eyes Flashcards
1
Q
diameter of the eyeball
A
2.5cm or 1 in
2
Q
sclera
A
outermost layer
3
Q
cornea
A
clear transparent part of the sclera
-window to the eye allowing light in
4
Q
mydriasis
A
enlargement of the pupil
- incr amt of light coming in
- to enhance distance
5
Q
miosis
A
- decr pupil size
- accomodates for near vision
6
Q
CN 3 controls..
A
- pupillary constriction/dilation
- eye movement
- eyelid mvmt
7
Q
macula is responsible for
A
central vision
8
Q
the cornea ____ the light rats, directing them to pass through the pupil into the eye
A
refracts (bends)
9
Q
emmetropia
A
normal refractive condition
10
Q
myopia
A
nearsightedness
-light rays focus IN FRONT of the retina
11
Q
hyperopia
A
farsightedness
-light rays focus BEHIND the retina
12
Q
vitreous humor
A
- another refractory medium
- helps maintain intraocular pressure
13
Q
palpebrae
A
eyelid
14
Q
palpebral fissure
A
opening between upper + lower palpebrae (eyelid)
15
Q
meibomian gland
A
- embedded in palpebrae (eyelid)
- modified type of sebaceous glands
- produce oily substance that keeps eyes lubricated
16
Q
lacrimal apparatus consists of…
A
- gland
- punctum
- canal
- sac
- ducts
17
Q
lacrimal glands
A
-secretes tears
18
Q
visual impairment incr the likelihood of…
A
- depression
- stress for indivdls + families
19
Q
age-related macular degeneration occurs more frequently among ____
A
caucasians
20
Q
among african americans,
____ is the leading cause of blindness. ____ is the second leading cause.
A
1 cataract
2 glaucoma
21
Q
excessive sun exposure/UV rays w/o protection may promote…
A
- cataract formation
- burn the cornea> temp blindness
22
Q
deficiency in vit A can cause…
A
night blindness
23
Q
eye makeup + applications should be discarded after…
A
3 months
24
Q
6 categories in focused reviews
A
1 general 2 illness/infectn 3 r/t symptms, pain, behavior 4 r/t habits + practices 5 specific to pt according to age or pregnancy 6 environmental
25
hypertension can cause...
arteriosclerosis of retina
26
diabetes can cause...
bleeding in the capillaries of the retina
27
types of general questions
- hows ur vision today
- date of last eye exam
- results of that exam
- problems/changes in vision in the last few months
- glasses/contacts
- hx of HTN, DM, glaucoma
28
list of possible eye disease
- glaucoma
- cataracts
- corneal injury
- Horner syndrome
- exopthalmos
29
list of possible eye infections
- conjunctivitis
- iritis
- uveitis
- blepharitis
- dacryocystitis
- stye/hordeolum
- episcleritis
30
blurred vision can be an indication of...
- neurologic
- cardiovascular
- endocrine
- need for corrective lenses
- cataracts
31
double vision can be caused by
- muscle or nerve complications
| - medications
32
burning + itching of the eyes are often assoc w...
- altered tear production
| - allergies
33
floaters
black dots/spots that seem to move when you look at something
34
are floaters normal?
it is normal UNLESS they obstruct vision
35
halos around lights are assoc w...
- cataracts
- glaucoma
- digoxin toxicity
36
UV radiation can cause...
- temp loss of vision (snow blindness)
- pterygium
- browning of lens
- loss of elasticity
37
presbyopia
inability to accommodate for near vision
| -common in pt over 45
38
normal findings:
sclerae are ____,
cornea is ____,
pupils are _______
s: white
c: clear
p: round, symmtrc, responsive to light
39
types of visual acuity charts
- Snellen or E chart (distance vision)
| - Rosenbaum (near vision)
40
tools/equipment for eyes
- opaque card or eye cover
- penlight
- cotton-tipped applicator
- ophthalmoscope
41
normal findings:
eyebrows are ___,
eyelashes are ___,
eyes are _____
b: equally above eyes
l: full +everted
e: moist (indicating tear production)
42
normal eye mvmt findings
smooth + symmetric
43
normal findings w ophthalmoscopic exam
- red reflex is visible
- retina is uniform yellowish + pink w sharply defined disc
- visible vessels
44
order of eye assessment
```
1 assessment of visual acuity
2 assessment of visual fields
3 muscle function
4 external eye structures
5 ophthalmoscopic exam
```
45
T/F if pt uses glasses, test distance vision w/o glasses first
FALSE
| -test w glasses/contacts first
46
if pt is unable to read ____ letters on a line, record the number of the line above
more than one half of the letters
47
20/___ is considered legal blindness
20/200
48
the jaeger or rosenbaum chart test for ___ vision and should be held ____ from the eyes
- near vision
| - 12-14 inches
49
how to do a rosenbaum exam
- pt will read fr top of card down to smallest line pt can see
- hold the cart at the same distance throughout
- cover one eye
50
rosenbaum normal finding
14/14 in each eye
51
to test peripheral vision, pt should be sitting ______ fr you at eye level
2-3 ft
52
pt's peripheral vision is compared to...
the examiners
- pt should mirror examiner
- if pt is unable to see the object at the same time as the examiner, the pt may have some periph vision loss
53
when performing the extraocular mvmt exam, the pt should stand ____ fr u, penlight should be ___ fr patient's face
- 2 ft
| - 18 in
54
when assessing the extraocular mvmt, the move the penlight SLOWLY + briefly stop at each location to assess _____
for NYSTAGMUS
55
nystagmus
rapid, fluttering of the eyeball
| -occurs at completion of rapid lateral eye mvmt
56
nystagmus during testing may indicate...
weakness in extraocular muscles or CN 3
57
during corneal light reflex, instruct the pt to stare ahead while you hold the penlight ___ fr both eyes
12 inches
58
normal finding of corneal light reflex
reflection/twinkle of light should appear in the same spot on both pupils
59
a positive Hirschberg or if the reflection is not symmetric there could be weakness in...
extra ocular muscles
| -abnormal finding
60
corneal light reflect is also called...
Hirschberg test
61
the cover/uncover tests for...
strabismus
62
strabismus
aka lazy eye/cross eye
63
absence of the lateral third of the eyebrow is assoc w...
hypothyroidism
64
absent eyelashes may indicate...
OCD
| -pulling + plucking
65
testing for accomodation
pt will shift gaze fr far wall to an object held 4-5 inches away from pt's nose
66
normal finding of accomodation
- eyes should converge (turn inwards)
| - eyes should accommodate (pupils should constrict)
67
erythema may be a symptm of...
-injury
-infection
cardiovasc problems
-renal problems
