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Physical Assessment > 14 - Eyes > Flashcards

14 - Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

diameter of the eyeball

A

2.5cm or 1 in

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2
Q

sclera

A

outermost layer

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3
Q

cornea

A

clear transparent part of the sclera

-window to the eye allowing light in

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4
Q

mydriasis

A

enlargement of the pupil

  • incr amt of light coming in
  • to enhance distance
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5
Q

miosis

A
  • decr pupil size

- accomodates for near vision

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6
Q

CN 3 controls..

A
  • pupillary constriction/dilation
  • eye movement
  • eyelid mvmt
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7
Q

macula is responsible for

A

central vision

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8
Q

the cornea ____ the light rats, directing them to pass through the pupil into the eye

A

refracts (bends)

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9
Q

emmetropia

A

normal refractive condition

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10
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

-light rays focus IN FRONT of the retina

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11
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

-light rays focus BEHIND the retina

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12
Q

vitreous humor

A
  • another refractory medium

- helps maintain intraocular pressure

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13
Q

palpebrae

A

eyelid

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14
Q

palpebral fissure

A

opening between upper + lower palpebrae (eyelid)

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15
Q

meibomian gland

A
  • embedded in palpebrae (eyelid)
  • modified type of sebaceous glands
  • produce oily substance that keeps eyes lubricated
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16
Q

lacrimal apparatus consists of…

A
  • gland
  • punctum
  • canal
  • sac
  • ducts
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17
Q

lacrimal glands

A

-secretes tears

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18
Q

visual impairment incr the likelihood of…

A
  • depression

- stress for indivdls + families

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19
Q

age-related macular degeneration occurs more frequently among ____

A

caucasians

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20
Q

among african americans,

____ is the leading cause of blindness. ____ is the second leading cause.

A

1 cataract

2 glaucoma

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21
Q

excessive sun exposure/UV rays w/o protection may promote…

A
  • cataract formation

- burn the cornea> temp blindness

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22
Q

deficiency in vit A can cause…

A

night blindness

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23
Q

eye makeup + applications should be discarded after…

A

3 months

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24
Q

6 categories in focused reviews

A 
1 general
2 illness/infectn
3 r/t symptms, pain, behavior
4 r/t habits + practices
5 specific to pt according to age or pregnancy
6 environmental
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25
Q

hypertension can cause…

A

arteriosclerosis of retina

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26
Q

diabetes can cause…

A

bleeding in the capillaries of the retina

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27
Q

types of general questions

A
  • hows ur vision today
  • date of last eye exam
  • results of that exam
  • problems/changes in vision in the last few months
  • glasses/contacts
  • hx of HTN, DM, glaucoma
28
Q

list of possible eye disease

A
  • glaucoma
  • cataracts
  • corneal injury
  • Horner syndrome
  • exopthalmos
29
Q

list of possible eye infections

A
  • conjunctivitis
  • iritis
  • uveitis
  • blepharitis
  • dacryocystitis
  • stye/hordeolum
  • episcleritis
30
Q

blurred vision can be an indication of…

A
  • neurologic
  • cardiovascular
  • endocrine
  • need for corrective lenses
  • cataracts
31
Q

double vision can be caused by

A
  • muscle or nerve complications

- medications

32
Q

burning + itching of the eyes are often assoc w…

A
  • altered tear production

- allergies

33
Q

floaters

A

black dots/spots that seem to move when you look at something

34
Q

are floaters normal?

A

it is normal UNLESS they obstruct vision

35
Q

halos around lights are assoc w…

A
  • cataracts
  • glaucoma
  • digoxin toxicity
36
Q

UV radiation can cause…

A
  • temp loss of vision (snow blindness)
  • pterygium
  • browning of lens
  • loss of elasticity
37
Q

presbyopia

A

inability to accommodate for near vision

-common in pt over 45

38
Q

normal findings:
sclerae are ____,
cornea is ____,
pupils are _______

A

s: white
c: clear
p: round, symmtrc, responsive to light

39
Q

types of visual acuity charts

A
  • Snellen or E chart (distance vision)

- Rosenbaum (near vision)

40
Q

tools/equipment for eyes

A
  • opaque card or eye cover
  • penlight
  • cotton-tipped applicator
  • ophthalmoscope
41
Q

normal findings:
eyebrows are ___,
eyelashes are ___,
eyes are _____

A

b: equally above eyes
l: full +everted
e: moist (indicating tear production)

42
Q

normal eye mvmt findings

A

smooth + symmetric

43
Q

normal findings w ophthalmoscopic exam

A
  • red reflex is visible
  • retina is uniform yellowish + pink w sharply defined disc
  • visible vessels
44
Q

order of eye assessment

A 
1 assessment of visual acuity
2 assessment of visual fields
3 muscle function
4 external eye structures
5 ophthalmoscopic exam
45
Q

T/F if pt uses glasses, test distance vision w/o glasses first

A

FALSE

-test w glasses/contacts first

46
Q

if pt is unable to read ____ letters on a line, record the number of the line above

A

more than one half of the letters

47
Q

20/___ is considered legal blindness

A

20/200

48
Q

the jaeger or rosenbaum chart test for ___ vision and should be held ____ from the eyes

A
  • near vision

- 12-14 inches

49
Q

how to do a rosenbaum exam

A
  • pt will read fr top of card down to smallest line pt can see
  • hold the cart at the same distance throughout
  • cover one eye
50
Q

rosenbaum normal finding

A

14/14 in each eye

51
Q

to test peripheral vision, pt should be sitting ______ fr you at eye level

A

2-3 ft

52
Q

pt’s peripheral vision is compared to…

A

the examiners

  • pt should mirror examiner
  • if pt is unable to see the object at the same time as the examiner, the pt may have some periph vision loss
53
Q

when performing the extraocular mvmt exam, the pt should stand ____ fr u, penlight should be ___ fr patient’s face

A
  • 2 ft

- 18 in

54
Q

when assessing the extraocular mvmt, the move the penlight SLOWLY + briefly stop at each location to assess _____

A

for NYSTAGMUS

55
Q

nystagmus

A

rapid, fluttering of the eyeball

-occurs at completion of rapid lateral eye mvmt

56
Q

nystagmus during testing may indicate…

A

weakness in extraocular muscles or CN 3

57
Q

during corneal light reflex, instruct the pt to stare ahead while you hold the penlight ___ fr both eyes

A

12 inches

58
Q

normal finding of corneal light reflex

A

reflection/twinkle of light should appear in the same spot on both pupils

59
Q

a positive Hirschberg or if the reflection is not symmetric there could be weakness in…

A

extra ocular muscles

-abnormal finding

60
Q

corneal light reflect is also called…

A

Hirschberg test

61
Q

the cover/uncover tests for…

A

strabismus

62
Q

strabismus

A

aka lazy eye/cross eye

63
Q

absence of the lateral third of the eyebrow is assoc w…

A

hypothyroidism

64
Q

absent eyelashes may indicate…

A

OCD

-pulling + plucking

65
Q

testing for accomodation

A

pt will shift gaze fr far wall to an object held 4-5 inches away from pt’s nose

66
Q

normal finding of accomodation

A
  • eyes should converge (turn inwards)

- eyes should accommodate (pupils should constrict)

67
Q

erythema may be a symptm of…

A

-injury
-infection
cardiovasc problems
-renal problems

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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