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Physical Assessment > 20 Abdomen > Flashcards

20 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

if patient is experiencing ab pain..

A

examine that area last

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2
Q

stand on __ side

A

RIGHT side of pt

-bc the liver _ rt kidney w/in rt side of abdomen

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3
Q

types of abdomen contour

A

1 flat
2 protuberant
3 rounded
4 scaphoid

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4
Q

flat contour

A

straight line

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5
Q

flat contour may indicate

A

common in thin person

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6
Q

protuberant contour

A

similar to rounded contour but GREATER

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7
Q

protuberant contour may indicate

A

obesity, ascites, + other condition

-norm in pregnancy

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8
Q

rounded contour

A

convex, curves outward

-incr infat, decr in muscle tone

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9
Q

rounded contour may indicate

A

norm in toddler + pregnancy

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10
Q

scaphoid contour

A

concave abdomen

-inward, sunken

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11
Q

scaphoid contour may indicate

A

seen in VERY thin person

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12
Q

protrudic + displaced umbilicus may indicate

A

NONPREGNANT: abdominal mass + distended urinary bladder
PREGNANT: normal

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13
Q

sign of _____ following laparoscopy is a medical emergency

A

drainage

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14
Q

taut glistening skin on abdomen may indicate..

A

ascites

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15
Q

markes pulsation may indicate

A
  • aortic aneurysm

- increased pulse pressure

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16
Q

areas to auscultate for vascula sounds

A
  • aorta (below xiphoid)
  • renal
  • iliac
  • femoral
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17
Q

normal bowel sounds + frequency

A

irregular, high pitch, gurgling

5-30 times per minute

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18
Q

borborygmi

A

more frequent sounds in pt who have not eaten in a few hours

-NORMAL finding

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19
Q

how long to listen to each quadrant

A

60 seconds each quad

-total of 5 minutes before reporting ABSENT bowel sounds

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20
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds like

A
  • loud
  • high pitched
  • rushing
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21
Q

hypoactive bowel sounds like

A
  • slow

- sluggish

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22
Q

abnormal vascular sounds

A
  • bruits

- venous hum

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23
Q

T/F should you listen to each quadrant for 5 minutes before documenting absent bowel sounds?

A

FALSE

-studies have shown that POI is unrelated to bowel sounds

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24
Q

bruit may indicate ____, whereas venous hum may indicate ______

A

B: arterial occlusion
VH: increased portal tension

25
Q

palpations are CI if….

A

suspected appendicitis, dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm, polycystic kidneys, + transplanted organs

26
Q

how deep do you go for light palpation

A

5cm or 2 inches

27
Q

which organ is nonpalpable?

A

pancreas bc too deep

28
Q

a mass in LLQ may indiate…

A

stool in colon

29
Q

largest lymphoid organ

A

spleen

  • site of lymphocyte proliferation, + immune surveilance
  • filters blood for breakdown, brings breakdown to liver
30
Q

kidney functions

A
  • filters nitro waste
  • activates vit D
  • produce urine
  • secrete erythropoietin + renin
31
Q

costovertebral angle

A

where ribs meet the vertebra

32
Q

contents of RLQ

A
  • lower pole kidney
  • cecum + appendix
  • ascending colon
33
Q

contents of RUQ

A
  • liver + gallbladder
  • pyloric sphincter
  • duodenum
  • HEAD of pancreas
  • adrenal gland
  • kidney
  • ascending + transverse colon
34
Q

contents of LUQ

A
  • left lobe of liver
  • spleen
  • stomach
  • BODY of pancreas
  • adrenal gland
  • kidney
  • splenic colon
  • transverse + descending colon
35
Q

contents of LLQ

A
  • lower pole of kidney
  • sigmoid colon
  • descending colon
36
Q

abdominal palpation for rebound tenderness is CI if…

A

pt has current subjective reports like ab pain or tenderness

37
Q

how to palpate for rebound tenderness

A

palpation w hand at 90-degree angle

38
Q

Blumberg’s Sign

A

sharp stabbing pain/rebound tenderness in all 4 quadrants

39
Q

Positive Blumberg’s Sign may indicate

A

peritoneal irritation or peritonitis

  • sign that appendicitis ruptured
  • requires immediate attention
40
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

RLQ: 1-2 inc above anterosuperior iliac spiine

-where acute appendicitis is at maximal tenderness

41
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

palpation of LLQ> pain in RLQ

*R is more reversed

42
Q

theses signs are suggestive of peritoneal irritation in appendicitis

A
  • McBurney’s Point + Rovsing’s Sign
  • Blumberg’s Sign
  • Psoas Sign
43
Q

Psoas Sign

A

pain in psoas muscle is assoc w peritoneal inflammation of appendicitis
-normally no pain

44
Q

How to perform Psoas Sign

A
  • supine position
  • place ur LEFT hand above RIGHT KNEE
  • ask pt to raise the leg to meet hand
  • flexion of hip causes contraction of psoas muscle
45
Q

when is Psoas Sign test indicated?

A

when lower ab pain is present and appendicitis is suspected

46
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

sharp pain in RUQ

-may indicate cholecystitis, gallbladder, liver

47
Q

How to perform Murphy’s Sign

A

while palpating liver, ask pt to take a deep breath

  • as diaphragm moves, the liver + gallbladder is pushed towards you
  • in healthy pt, liver is painless
48
Q

T/F hernias are seen in healthy adults

A

TRUE

-when it is UNTREATED, it leads to obstrucive complications + serious health prblems

49
Q

signs + symptoms in appendicitis

A
  • pain, ab guarding,

- tenderness upon palpation of McBurneys Point, Rovsing Sign

50
Q

diagnosis of appendicitis is confirmed by

A
  • incr WBC

- ab X ray/ultrasound

51
Q

referred pain

A

pain or discomfort that is perfecived in an area other than the region fr which the pain originates
ex) pancreatitis may be perceived in the back

52
Q

hyperactive sounds may indicate

A
  • gastroenteritis

- diarrhea

53
Q

hyperactive sounds followed by absence of sound may indicate

A

paralytic ileus

54
Q

high pitch sounds w cramping may indicate

A

intestinal obstruction

55
Q

venous hum sounds like ____, in the _____, and may indicate ______

A

continuous tone;
epigastrum + around umbilicus;
portal HTN

56
Q

friction rubbing sounds like ___ and may indicate _____

A

harsh grating;

tumor or inflammation of origin

57
Q

bile is produced in ___ and stored in ___

A

liver; gallbladder

58
Q

cullen’s sign

A

hemorrhage in belly button/umbilical

-sign of pancreatitis

59
Q

grey turner sign

A

hemorrhage in left flank

-sign of pancreatitis

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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