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Physical Assessment > 15 - ears > Flashcards

15 - ears Flashcards

1
Q

major function of nose + sinus

A
  • provide airway for respiration
  • filter, warm, + humidify air
  • provide resonance for voice
  • house receptors for olfaction
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2
Q

CN7

A

hypoglossal

-speech + swallow

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3
Q

uvula + soft palate move w swallowing, breathing + phnation.

this is innervated by CN _____

A

9 + 10

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4
Q

the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by CN ___,

and the anterior 2/3 is innervated by CN ___

A

P: CN9
A: CN8

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5
Q

if pt reports changes in hearing, then continue asking about…

A
  • onset
  • character
  • situation (on phone, watching tv, etc)
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6
Q

hearing loss in one ear could indicate…

A
  • cerumen obstruction

- ruptured tympanic membrane

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7
Q

list possible illnesses of ears

A
  • meniere’s disease
  • vertigo
  • acoustic neuroma
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8
Q

list of possible infections of ear

A
  • external otitis
  • otitis media
  • labyrynthitis
  • mastoiditis
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9
Q

bloody purulent drainage in ear could indicate…

A

otitis media

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10
Q

serous drainage in ear could indicate…

A

allergic rxn

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11
Q

clear drainage in ear could indicate…

A

CSF following trauma

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12
Q

dizzy, N/V, ringing in ears could indicate…

A
  • problem w inner ear
  • neurologic problem
  • drug related
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13
Q

pain in one or both ears may be caused by…

A

-acute otitis media
-otitis externa
-foreign bodies or trauma
-temporomandibular joint syndrome
-dental problems
-pharyngitis
-tonsilitis
+more

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14
Q

aspirin can cause…

A

tinitis (ringing in ears)

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15
Q

abx can cause…. (hearing)

A

hearing loss + dizziness

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16
Q

contaminated water left in ear can cause…

A

otitis externa aka swimmer’s ear

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17
Q

palpate the ___ + push on the ____ + palpate the ___

A

1 auricle
2 tragus
3 mastoid process

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18
Q

pain in auricle or tragus can indicate…

A
  • otitis externa

- temporomandibular joint dysfunction

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19
Q

hard nodules on auricle or tragus can be…

A

TOPHI

  • uric acic crystal deposits
  • sign of gout
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20
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation/infection of mastoid

  • complication of otitits media or throat infection
  • difficult to treat
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21
Q

mastoiditis spreads easily to the brain bc…

A

it is only separated by thin bony plate

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22
Q

the ___ of the ear is very sensitive

A

inner 2/3

-pressure will cause pain

23
Q

cerumen removal

A
  • most can be removed w a spoon

- dry needs to be irrigated w bulb syringe, warmed soln of mineral oil + hydrogen peroxide, then by warm water

24
Q

examine the tympanic membrane w an…

A

otoscope

25
Q

normal tympanic membrane is…

A
  • flat
  • gray
  • transluscent
  • no scars
  • intact
  • malleus is seen as a shadow behind the membrane
26
Q

a cone-shaped reflection of the otoscope light should be visible at ___ in the right ear, and ____ in the left ear

A

5: 00 in rt
7: 00 in lft

27
Q

white patches on the tympanic membrane indicate…

A

scarring fr prior infections

28
Q

yellow/red color on tympanic membrane could indicate…

A

infection of middle ear

29
Q

bulging tympanic membrane indicates ____, retracted tympanic membrane indicates ____

A

bulg: incr pressure in middle ear
retrc: vacuum in middle ear bc of blocked eustachian tube

30
Q

whisper test should be done at a distance of…

A

1-2ft behind pt

31
Q

inability to repeat phrase in whisper test could indicate…

A

loss in ability to hear high-freq sounds

32
Q

air conduction

A

transmission of sound thru tympanic membrane to cochlea +auditory nerve

33
Q

bone conduction

A

transmission of sound thru bones of skull to cochlea + auditory nerve

34
Q

rinne test

A

compares air + bone conduction

35
Q

rinne test instructions

A

1 place base of fork in mastoid process
2 ask pt to report when can no longer hear
3 note seconds of BC
4 immediately move the fork 1-2cm fr external meatus
5 report when sound is no longer heard
6 note seconds of AC

36
Q

normal findings of rinne test

A

AC is twice as long as BC

ex) AC is 30 sec, BC is 15 sec

37
Q

abnormal findings of rinne test

A

indicates conductive hearing loss

-BC is equal to or greater than AC

38
Q

weber test

A

uses BONE conduction to evaluate if pt hears in one ear better than the other

39
Q

if pt hears equally in weber test, it is called…

A

no lateralization

40
Q

if pt hears sound in one ear better than the other, the hearing loss may be bc of…

A

either poor conduction or nerve damage

41
Q

if pt has poor confuction in one ear, the sound is heard better in..

A

the impaired ear

-bc sound is being conducted directly thru bone to ear

42
Q

conductive loss in one ear may be due to..

A
  • impacted cerumen
  • infection
  • perforated eardrum
43
Q

romberg test

A

assess for equilibrium

44
Q

romberg test instructions

A
  • pt stands w feet together + arms at sides
  • first w eyes open, then eyes closed
  • wait 20 seconds
  • important to stand nearby incase pt loses balance
45
Q

normal finding for romberg test

A

NEGATIVE romberg

-mild to no swaying

46
Q

hearing + balance are fr CN __

A

CN 8

47
Q

if pt is POSITIVE romberg…

A

pt may have a problem w functioning of vestibular apparatus

48
Q

disorders of external ear

A
  • keloid
  • otitis externa
  • tophi
49
Q

disorders of middle + internal ear

A
  • otitis media
  • perforation of tympanic membrane
  • scarred tympanic membrane
50
Q

otitis externa

A
  • infection of outer ear
  • redness + swelling of auricle + ear canal
  • scanty drainage
  • may be assoc w itching, fever, enlarged lymph nodes
51
Q

tophi

A

small white nodules on helix or antihelix of the ear

  • contains uric acid crystals
  • sign of gout
52
Q

otitis media

A
  • red bulging eardrum
  • fever
  • hearing loss
  • absent light reflex in otoscope
53
Q

perforation of tympanic membrane

A
  • ruptured due to trauma or infection

- perforation may be seen as a dark spot on eardrum

54
Q

scarred tympanic membrane

A
  • white patches of scar tissue bc of repeated inections or chronic irritation
  • in most cases, does NOT cause hearing loss

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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