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Physical Assessment > 15 - ears > Flashcards

15 - ears Flashcards

1
Q

major function of nose + sinus

A
  • provide airway for respiration
  • filter, warm, + humidify air
  • provide resonance for voice
  • house receptors for olfaction
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2
Q

CN7

A

hypoglossal

-speech + swallow

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3
Q

uvula + soft palate move w swallowing, breathing + phnation.

this is innervated by CN _____

A

9 + 10

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4
Q

the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by CN ___,

and the anterior 2/3 is innervated by CN ___

A

P: CN9
A: CN8

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5
Q

if pt reports changes in hearing, then continue asking about…

A
  • onset
  • character
  • situation (on phone, watching tv, etc)
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6
Q

hearing loss in one ear could indicate…

A
  • cerumen obstruction

- ruptured tympanic membrane

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7
Q

list possible illnesses of ears

A
  • meniere’s disease
  • vertigo
  • acoustic neuroma
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8
Q

list of possible infections of ear

A
  • external otitis
  • otitis media
  • labyrynthitis
  • mastoiditis
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9
Q

bloody purulent drainage in ear could indicate…

A

otitis media

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10
Q

serous drainage in ear could indicate…

A

allergic rxn

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11
Q

clear drainage in ear could indicate…

A

CSF following trauma

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12
Q

dizzy, N/V, ringing in ears could indicate…

A
  • problem w inner ear
  • neurologic problem
  • drug related
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13
Q

pain in one or both ears may be caused by…

A

-acute otitis media
-otitis externa
-foreign bodies or trauma
-temporomandibular joint syndrome
-dental problems
-pharyngitis
-tonsilitis
+more

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14
Q

aspirin can cause…

A

tinitis (ringing in ears)

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15
Q

abx can cause…. (hearing)

A

hearing loss + dizziness

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16
Q

contaminated water left in ear can cause…

A

otitis externa aka swimmer’s ear

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17
Q

palpate the ___ + push on the ____ + palpate the ___

A

1 auricle
2 tragus
3 mastoid process

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18
Q

pain in auricle or tragus can indicate…

A
  • otitis externa

- temporomandibular joint dysfunction

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19
Q

hard nodules on auricle or tragus can be…

A

TOPHI

  • uric acic crystal deposits
  • sign of gout
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20
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation/infection of mastoid

  • complication of otitits media or throat infection
  • difficult to treat
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21
Q

mastoiditis spreads easily to the brain bc…

A

it is only separated by thin bony plate

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22
Q

the ___ of the ear is very sensitive

A

inner 2/3

-pressure will cause pain

23
Q

cerumen removal

A
  • most can be removed w a spoon

- dry needs to be irrigated w bulb syringe, warmed soln of mineral oil + hydrogen peroxide, then by warm water

24
Q

examine the tympanic membrane w an…

25
normal tympanic membrane is...
- flat - gray - transluscent - no scars - intact - malleus is seen as a shadow behind the membrane
26
a cone-shaped reflection of the otoscope light should be visible at ___ in the right ear, and ____ in the left ear
5: 00 in rt 7: 00 in lft
27
white patches on the tympanic membrane indicate...
scarring fr prior infections
28
yellow/red color on tympanic membrane could indicate...
infection of middle ear
29
bulging tympanic membrane indicates ____, retracted tympanic membrane indicates ____
bulg: incr pressure in middle ear retrc: vacuum in middle ear bc of blocked eustachian tube
30
whisper test should be done at a distance of...
1-2ft behind pt
31
inability to repeat phrase in whisper test could indicate...
loss in ability to hear high-freq sounds
32
air conduction
transmission of sound thru tympanic membrane to cochlea +auditory nerve
33
bone conduction
transmission of sound thru bones of skull to cochlea + auditory nerve
34
rinne test
compares air + bone conduction
35
rinne test instructions
1 place base of fork in mastoid process 2 ask pt to report when can no longer hear 3 note seconds of BC 4 immediately move the fork 1-2cm fr external meatus 5 report when sound is no longer heard 6 note seconds of AC
36
normal findings of rinne test
AC is twice as long as BC | ex) AC is 30 sec, BC is 15 sec
37
abnormal findings of rinne test
indicates conductive hearing loss | -BC is equal to or greater than AC
38
weber test
uses BONE conduction to evaluate if pt hears in one ear better than the other
39
if pt hears equally in weber test, it is called...
no lateralization
40
if pt hears sound in one ear better than the other, the hearing loss may be bc of...
either poor conduction or nerve damage
41
if pt has poor confuction in one ear, the sound is heard better in..
the impaired ear | -bc sound is being conducted directly thru bone to ear
42
conductive loss in one ear may be due to..
- impacted cerumen - infection - perforated eardrum
43
romberg test
assess for equilibrium
44
romberg test instructions
- pt stands w feet together + arms at sides - first w eyes open, then eyes closed - wait 20 seconds - important to stand nearby incase pt loses balance
45
normal finding for romberg test
NEGATIVE romberg | -mild to no swaying
46
hearing + balance are fr CN __
CN 8
47
if pt is POSITIVE romberg...
pt may have a problem w functioning of vestibular apparatus
48
disorders of external ear
- keloid - otitis externa - tophi
49
disorders of middle + internal ear
- otitis media - perforation of tympanic membrane - scarred tympanic membrane
50
otitis externa
- infection of outer ear - redness + swelling of auricle + ear canal - scanty drainage - may be assoc w itching, fever, enlarged lymph nodes
51
tophi
small white nodules on helix or antihelix of the ear - contains uric acid crystals - sign of gout
52
otitis media
- red bulging eardrum - fever - hearing loss - absent light reflex in otoscope
53
perforation of tympanic membrane
- ruptured due to trauma or infection | - perforation may be seen as a dark spot on eardrum
54
scarred tympanic membrane
- white patches of scar tissue bc of repeated inections or chronic irritation - in most cases, does NOT cause hearing loss

Physical Assessment (20 decks)

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