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MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY > 28. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Flashcards

28. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. How did the branch of Psychopathology start?
A
  • it started with the studying of mental illnesses
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2
Q
  1. Who was Hippocrates?
A
  • he was the father of modern medicine
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3
Q
  1. What was Hippocrates theory with regards to personality types?
A
  • there are four different personality types
  • they are caused by an imbalance in the four different bodily humours
  • he offered a biological explanation for psychological imbalances
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4
Q
  1. What are the 4 different bodily humours?
A
  1. Blood
  2. Yellow Bile
  3. Black Bile
  4. Phlegm
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5
Q
  1. During the Middle Ages, what was considered the cause of mental illnesses?
A
  • demons
  • possessions
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6
Q
  1. During the Renaissance, how were mental illnesses treated?
A
  • asylums
  • humane treatments
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7
Q
  1. During the 19th Century, how were mental illnesses treated?
A
  • with moral treatment
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8
Q
  1. During the 20th century, with which perspectives were mental illnesses viewed with?
A
  • biological
  • psychological
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9
Q
  1. Which two factors have affected treatment throughout history?
A
  • scientific factors
  • economic factors
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10
Q
  1. Which model of Psychopathology is mostly predominant?
A
  • the Biological and Medical Model
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11
Q
  1. Who can actually afford psychotherapeutic and psychological treatments?
A
  • the rich
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12
Q
  1. What restricts the funding for treating mental illnesses?
A
  • the powerlessness of the mentally ill
  • the ongoing battle of mental health professionals to get more sufficient funding for these kinds of patients
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13
Q
  1. What are the four criteria that separate normal behaviour from abnormal behaviour?
A
  1. Deviance
  2. Distress
  3. Dysfunction
  4. Danger
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14
Q
  1. What is Deviance?
A
  • it is when the person’s IQ is significantly different from the norm
  • this can be seen with mental retardation
  • this is when the intelligence of the person is two standard deviations below the average
    (an IQ of 69 or lower)
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15
Q
  1. What are 6 examples of Deviance?
A
  1. OCD
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. Anxiety
  4. Depression
  5. PTSD
  6. Personality Disorders
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16
Q
  1. What is Distress?
A
  • this is usually subjective
  • it is defined by the individual patient
  • this is what motivates patients to visit a clinician
  • they can also tend to present themselves to outpatient clinics
    for mental treatment
17
Q
  1. Which kinds of people experience distress?
A
  • people with depression
  • people with anxiety
18
Q
  1. Which kinds of people do not experience distress?
A
  • people with schizophrenia
  • people with bipolar disorder
  • these kinds of people do not usually visit physicians
  • they also tend not to seek clinics for mental health problems and treatment
  • they often resent any kind of intervention
19
Q
  1. What is Dysfunction?
A
  • mental health issues can interfere with one’s ability to function effectively
  • these include many domains
20
Q
  1. What are the Domains of Dysfunction?
A
  • work
  • school
  • social
  • family
  • daily living
  • personal hygiene
  • dressing
  • meals
  • recreation
21
Q
  1. What is Danger?
A
  • some patients are able to get their needs met even if they are not distressed
  • these patients can cause problems to others
  • they can be disruptive to society
  • clients who are dangerous may be:
    - involuntarily hospitalised
    - ordered into treatment
    - incarcerated
22
Q
  1. What are the 6 Theoretical Models of Psychopathology?
A
  1. Biological
  2. Psychodynamic
  3. Behavioural
  4. Cognitive
  5. Humanistic- Existential
  6. Sociocultural

NB: none of these theories reveal the absolute truth about mental health

NB: all of these theories look at behaviour in different ways

23
Q
  1. What is Psychotropic Medication?
A
  • it is treatment that is frequently provided in primary care
    settings
  • this can be with or without a referral for psychotherapy
  • it is generally considered necessary for the treatment of
    psychosis
  • or for the treatment of severe affective disorders
24
Q
  1. What is Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment?
A
  • this treatment is very effective for anxiety disorders
  • it is also very effective for depression
25
Q
  1. What are Psychodynamic Techniques?
A
  • they are techniques that provide clients with a greater depth of understanding
26
Q
  1. What is a Humanistic Framework?
A
  • it recognises the client’s autonomy
  • it emphasises a collaborative rather than a doctor/patient relationship
27
Q
  1. Why is the concept of diagnosis a little intimidating for some people?
A
  • they often worry that a permanent label will be put on them
  • they worry about the consequences of this label
28
Q
  1. Why are diagnosis’s very useful?
A
  • they narrow down the available treatments
  • they expose clinicians to a whole body of research of what is useful and what is not useful
  • the clinicians learn what is effective for each particular patient
29
Q
  1. What is the DSM 5?
A
  • the current diagnostic manual for mental illnesses
  • it can be a bit intimidating
  • it contains hundreds of diagnoses
  • these can make the diagnostic process seem
    overwhelming
30
Q
  1. Name the diagnostic categories that are 80% relevant to hospital cases.
A
  • Schizophrenia
  • Major Affective Disorder
  • Schizoaffective Disorder
  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Substance Dependence
31
Q
  1. What are the effects of chronic and severe conditions on patients?
A
  • they face higher unemployment
  • there families have a tendency to abandon them
32
Q
  1. What are the conditions that General Outpatient Clinic patients often have?
A
  • Anxiety Disorders
    (GAD, Phobias)
  • PTSD
  • OCD
  • Depression
  • Substance Abuse
  • Substance Dependence
  • Adjustment Disorders
  • Personality Disorders
  • Relationship Problems

MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY (29 decks)

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