28. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
- How did the branch of Psychopathology start?
A
- it started with the studying of mental illnesses
2
Q
- Who was Hippocrates?
A
- he was the father of modern medicine
3
Q
- What was Hippocrates theory with regards to personality types?
A
- there are four different personality types
- they are caused by an imbalance in the four different bodily humours
- he offered a biological explanation for psychological imbalances
4
Q
- What are the 4 different bodily humours?
A
- Blood
- Yellow Bile
- Black Bile
- Phlegm
5
Q
- During the Middle Ages, what was considered the cause of mental illnesses?
A
- demons
- possessions
6
Q
- During the Renaissance, how were mental illnesses treated?
A
- asylums
- humane treatments
7
Q
- During the 19th Century, how were mental illnesses treated?
A
- with moral treatment
8
Q
- During the 20th century, with which perspectives were mental illnesses viewed with?
A
- biological
- psychological
9
Q
- Which two factors have affected treatment throughout history?
A
- scientific factors
- economic factors
10
Q
- Which model of Psychopathology is mostly predominant?
A
- the Biological and Medical Model
11
Q
- Who can actually afford psychotherapeutic and psychological treatments?
A
- the rich
12
Q
- What restricts the funding for treating mental illnesses?
A
- the powerlessness of the mentally ill
- the ongoing battle of mental health professionals to get more sufficient funding for these kinds of patients
13
Q
- What are the four criteria that separate normal behaviour from abnormal behaviour?
A
- Deviance
- Distress
- Dysfunction
- Danger
14
Q
- What is Deviance?
A
- it is when the person’s IQ is significantly different from the norm
- this can be seen with mental retardation
- this is when the intelligence of the person is two standard deviations below the average
(an IQ of 69 or lower)
15
Q
- What are 6 examples of Deviance?
A
- OCD
- Schizophrenia
- Anxiety
- Depression
- PTSD
- Personality Disorders
16
Q
- What is Distress?
A
- this is usually subjective
- it is defined by the individual patient
- this is what motivates patients to visit a clinician
- they can also tend to present themselves to outpatient clinics
for mental treatment
17
Q
- Which kinds of people experience distress?
A
- people with depression
- people with anxiety
18
Q
- Which kinds of people do not experience distress?
A
- people with schizophrenia
- people with bipolar disorder
- these kinds of people do not usually visit physicians
- they also tend not to seek clinics for mental health problems and treatment
- they often resent any kind of intervention
19
Q
- What is Dysfunction?
A
- mental health issues can interfere with one’s ability to function effectively
- these include many domains
20
Q
- What are the Domains of Dysfunction?
A
- work
- school
- social
- family
- daily living
- personal hygiene
- dressing
- meals
- recreation
21
Q
- What is Danger?
A
- some patients are able to get their needs met even if they are not distressed
- these patients can cause problems to others
- they can be disruptive to society
- clients who are dangerous may be:
- involuntarily hospitalised
- ordered into treatment
- incarcerated
22
Q
- What are the 6 Theoretical Models of Psychopathology?
A
- Biological
- Psychodynamic
- Behavioural
- Cognitive
- Humanistic- Existential
- Sociocultural
NB: none of these theories reveal the absolute truth about mental health
NB: all of these theories look at behaviour in different ways
23
Q
- What is Psychotropic Medication?
A
- it is treatment that is frequently provided in primary care
settings - this can be with or without a referral for psychotherapy
- it is generally considered necessary for the treatment of
psychosis - or for the treatment of severe affective disorders
24
Q
- What is Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment?
A
- this treatment is very effective for anxiety disorders
- it is also very effective for depression
25
Q
- What are Psychodynamic Techniques?
A
- they are techniques that provide clients with a greater depth of understanding
26
Q
- What is a Humanistic Framework?
A
- it recognises the client’s autonomy
- it emphasises a collaborative rather than a doctor/patient relationship
27
Q
- Why is the concept of diagnosis a little intimidating for some people?
A
- they often worry that a permanent label will be put on them
- they worry about the consequences of this label
28
Q
- Why are diagnosis’s very useful?
A
- they narrow down the available treatments
- they expose clinicians to a whole body of research of what is useful and what is not useful
- the clinicians learn what is effective for each particular patient
29
Q
- What is the DSM 5?
A
- the current diagnostic manual for mental illnesses
- it can be a bit intimidating
- it contains hundreds of diagnoses
- these can make the diagnostic process seem
overwhelming
30
Q
- Name the diagnostic categories that are 80% relevant to hospital cases.
A
- Schizophrenia
- Major Affective Disorder
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Substance Dependence
31
Q
- What are the effects of chronic and severe conditions on patients?
A
- they face higher unemployment
- there families have a tendency to abandon them
32
Q
- What are the conditions that General Outpatient Clinic patients often have?
A
- Anxiety Disorders
(GAD, Phobias) - PTSD
- OCD
- Depression
- Substance Abuse
- Substance Dependence
- Adjustment Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Relationship Problems
