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MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY > 18. INTELLIGENCE AND PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

18. INTELLIGENCE AND PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is Intelligence?
A
  • it is a hypothetical mental ability
  • it enables people to direct their thinking
  • to adapt to their circumstances
  • to learn from their experiences
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2
Q
  1. Who is responsible for the Theory of Hereditary Genius (in 1869)?
A
  • Francis Galton
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3
Q
  1. What is the Theory of Hereditary Genius?
A
  • it is a theory about the variation in the ability of individuals within a population
  • variations are inherited
  • nature vs nurture
  • this was the first theory to use questionnaire assessments
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4
Q
  1. What did Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon identify?
A
  • they identified the typical intelligence associated with each age
  • they developed an intelligence scale
  • they established mental age
  • they developed norms for age
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5
Q
  1. What are the Norms for Age?
A
  • they establish standards, expectations and tasks
  • these were expected to be performed by children in different ages
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6
Q
  1. What are Norms associated with?
A
  • Chronological Age
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7
Q
  1. How are Norms (with regards to Chronological Age) originally calculated?
A
  • (mental age / chronological age) x 100

NB: this is also how to calculate IQ

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8
Q
  1. What does IQ stand for?
A
  • Intelligence Quotient
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9
Q
  1. What is an IQ?
A
  • it is the index of intelligence
  • it is derived from scoring intelligence tests
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10
Q
  1. How is IQ calculated in modern times?
A
  • it is calculated using percentile rankings
  • these rankings are then converted to equivalent IQ scores
  • they are then projected onto a normal distribution curve
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11
Q
  1. Which notion was Charles Spearman responsible for? (in 1940)
A
  • the notion of underlying general intelligence (g)
  • this is a two factor theory of intelligence
  • they are special factors and abilities that are measured
  • the performance is dependent on all tests that
    focus on:
    • general intelligence
    • special factors and abilities
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12
Q
  1. What was Catell responsible for in 1971?
A
  • crystallised intelligence (gc)
  • fluid intelligence (gf)
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13
Q
  1. What was Howard Gardener’s theory with regards to intelligence (in 1993)?
A
  • he had more modern theories
  • he believed that there Multiple Intelligences
  • he stated that individuals have higher intelligence
    potentials in specific areas
  • rather than a general underlying intelligence
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14
Q
  1. What are the 7 types of Multiple Intelligences?
A
  1. Linguistic
  2. Musical
  3. Logical/Mathematical
  4. Spatial
  5. Bodily-Kinaesthetic
  6. Intrapersonal
  7. Interpersonal
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15
Q
  1. What does performance with Intellectual Tasks correlate with?
A
  • the performance in other tasks
  • this becomes stable over time
  • the consistency between intelligence tests means that there is an underlying level of general intelligence (g factor)
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16
Q
  1. What aspects does Intelligence involve?
A
  • the ability to think
  • the ability to solve problems
  • the ability to analyse situations
  • the ability to understand social values
  • the ability to understand customs and norms
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17
Q
  1. What are the two main forms of Intelligence involved in most intelligence assessments?
A
  1. Verbal Intelligence
    • the ability to comprehend and solve language
      based problems
  2. Non- Verbal Intelligence
    • the ability to understand and solve visual and
      spatial problems
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18
Q
  1. What is the name of a popular Intelligence test that focuses on both Verbal and Non-Verbal Intelligence?
A
  • the Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Adults
    (Fourth Edition)
    (WAIS-IV)
  • it consists of two categories:
    1. Verbal Subtests
    2. Performance Subtests
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19
Q
  1. What are 7 types of Verbal Subtests?
A
  1. Vocabulary
  2. Similarities
  3. Arithmetic
  4. Digit Span
  5. Information
  6. Comprehension
  7. Letter-Number Sequencing
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20
Q
  1. What are the 7 types of Performance Subtests?
A
  1. Picture Completion
  2. Digit Symbol Coding
  3. Block Design
  4. Matrix Reasoning
  5. Picture Arrangement
  6. Symbol Search
  7. Object Assembly
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21
Q
  1. What do Vocabulary Tests consist of?
A
  • listening carefully
  • telling the examiner what each word means
22
Q
  1. What is an example of a Similarities test?
A
  • EG: in what way are food and petrol alike
23
Q
  1. What is an example of Perceptual Reasoning?
A
24
Q
  1. What does the Digit Span test examine?
A
  • it examines auditory attention span
25
Q
  1. What is this?
A
  • this is the Bell Shaped IQ Curve
26
Q
  1. Where does 95% of the population fall within the Bell Curve?
A
  • within 2 Standard Deviations of the mean
  • this means they have an IQ of between 70 to 130
27
Q
  1. Where does 68% of the population fall within the Bell Curve?
A
  • within one Standard Deviation of the mean
  • 2/3 of the population fall within this standard
    deviation
28
Q
  1. What is the average for the population with regards to the Bell Curve?
A
  • it is considered to be within one standard deviation
    from the mean
  • this means that it lies between an IQ of 85 and 115
29
Q
  1. What is the IQ associated with the following titles:

29.1: Very Superior
29.2: Superior
29.3: High Average
29.4: Average
29.5: Low Average
29.6: Borderline

A

29.1: IQ greater than 130
29.2: IQ of 120 -129
29.3: IQ of 110 - 119
29.4: IQ of 90 - 109
29.5: IQ of 80 - 89
29.6: IQ of 70 - 79

30
Q
  1. What is the IQ associated with the following titles:

30.1: Mild
30.2: Moderate
30.3: Severe
30.4: Profound

A

30.1: IQ of 55 - 70
30.2: IQ of 40 - 54
30.3: IQ of 25 - 39
30.4: IQ of less than 25

31
Q
  1. What IQ is classified as a Learning Disability?
A
  • any IQ less than 70
32
Q
  1. Name some common Intelligence Tests.
A
  • WAIS
  • WASI
  • WISC
  • WPPSI
  • Raven’s Progressive Matrices
    (non-verbal)
  • Cattell’s Culture Fair IQ Test
  • National Adult Reading Test (NART)
  • Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
33
Q
  1. What is this test an example of?
A
  • Raven’s Progressive Matrices
  • a non-verbal test
34
Q
  1. What are six Clinical Uses of IQ tests?
A
  1. Diagnosing and Quantifying the extent of Learning
    Disabilities
  2. Diagnosing and Characterising specific learning
    difficulties
  3. Assessing Intellectual Impairment following Trauma
  4. Assessing Intellectual Impairment associated with medical problems or disease processes
  5. Assessing Intellectual capabilities in genetic or developmental disorders
  6. Assessing the suitability of particular occupations or educational opportunities
35
Q
  1. What are examples of learning abilities and specific learning disabilities that are diagnosed by IQ tests?
A
  • dyslexia
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • dyscalculia
  • dysgraphia
36
Q
  1. What are examples of trauma that cause intellectual impairments?
A
  • head injury
  • stroke
  • poisoning
37
Q
  1. Which medical problems and diseases can lead to intellectual impairments?
A
  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Dementia
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Psychosis
38
Q
  1. What are examples of genetic or developmental disorders?
A
  • Down Syndrome
  • Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
39
Q
  1. What are some external influences on IQ test scores?
A
  • familiarity with particular concepts and materials in
    the test
  • motivation to do well
  • distraction
  • the administration of the test
  • sensory problems
  • cultural issues
    (language challenges, differences in world view)
40
Q
  1. What are some internal influences on IQ test scores?
A
  • emotional state
    ( anxiety, depression, bereavement)
  • physical illnesses
  • mental illnesses
    (psychosis, schizophrenia)
41
Q
  1. Do IQ tests aim to reduce or propagate sex differences?
A
  • reduce
42
Q
  1. In which tasks do males usually perform better in?
A
  • performance tasks
43
Q
  1. In which tasks do females usually perform better in?
A
  • verbal tasks
44
Q
  1. Do male or female scores on IQ tests have greater variation?
A
  • Male scores
  • they are more spread out
  • they have larger extremities at either end
  • female scores tend to cluster around a mean
45
Q
  1. What are lower IQ scores at a younger age associated with later on in life?
A
  • mortality
  • a higher chance of developing lung cancer
  • more likely to experience psychiatric illnesses or
    dementia
46
Q
  1. What is Heretability?
A
  • the proportion of variation in intelligence
  • it is attributed to the genetic variation in a population
47
Q
  1. What are some Environmental Influences on Intelligence?
A
  • poor childhood nutrition
  • exposure to environmental toxins
    (lead and mercury)
  • exposure to certain drugs in utero
    (alcohol, cocaine)
  • lack of exposure to an intellectually stimulating
    environment in childhood
  • neurological injury or disease
  • genetic disorders affecting brain development
48
Q
  1. Children with which kind of diet were seen to have higher full-scale IQ, verbal IQ and better memory performance?
A
  • high fruit consumption
  • high vegetable consumption
  • many home cooked meals
49
Q
  1. What is high childhood IQ associated with?
A
  • fewer adult hospital admissions for injuries and assaults
  • more likely to become vegetarian in adulthood
  • less likely to smoke
  • less likely to become obese
  • lower morbidity and mortality
  • less prevalent PTSD
  • less prevalent severe depression
  • less prevalent schizophrenia
50
Q
  1. What is lower childhood IQ associated with?
A
  • lower socio economic status
  • increased chance of hospitalisation due to violent assault
  • incarceration
  • early death

MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY (29 decks)

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