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MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY > 16. CHILD DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

16. CHILD DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What do all people acquire at different stages of our lives?
A
  • different social and cognitive skills
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2
Q
  1. What are these social and cognitive skills affected by?
A
  • health
  • illness
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3
Q
  1. What Method do we use to consider the changes that occur during one’s life span?
A
  • we use Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life and Development approach
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4
Q
  1. What are Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life and Development?
A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Role Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Generativity vs Stagnation
  8. Integrity vs Despair
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5
Q
  1. What is the Basic Conflict faced at Infancy (birth to 18 months)?
A
  • Trust vs Mistrust
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6
Q
  1. What are the important events during Infancy?
A
  • Feeding
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7
Q
  1. What is the Outcome of the Infancy stage?
A
  • children develop a sense of trust when caregivers
    provide:
    - reliability
    - care
    - affection
  • a lack of the above leads to Mistrust
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8
Q
  1. What is the Basic Conflict of Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)?
A
  • Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
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9
Q
  1. What are the important events during Early Childhood?
A
  • Toilet Training
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10
Q
  1. What is the Outcome of the Early Childhood stage?
A
  • children need to develop a sense of personal control over their physical skills
  • they need to develop a sense of independence
  • success in these fields lead to feeling of autonomy
  • failure in these fields lead to feelings of shame and doubt
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11
Q
  1. What is the Basic Conflict of Preschool (3 to 5 years)?
A
  • Initiative vs Guilt
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12
Q
  1. What are the important events of Preschool?
A
  • Exploration
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13
Q
  1. What is the Outcome of the Preschool stage?
A
  • children need to begin asserting power and control over their environment
  • success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose
  • children who try to exert too much power experience:
    - disapproval
    - this results in a sense of guilt
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14
Q
  1. What is the Basic Conflict of School Age (6 to 11 years)?
A
  • Industry vs Inferiority
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15
Q
  1. What are the important events of School age?
A
  • School
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16
Q
  1. What is the Outcome of the School Age phase?
A
  • children need to cope with new social and academic demands
  • success leads to a sense of competence
  • failure leads to feelings of inferiority
17
Q
  1. What is the Basic Conflict of Adolescence (12 to 18 years)?
A
  • Identity vs Role Confusion
18
Q
  1. What are the important events of Adolescence?
A
  • Social Relationships
19
Q
  1. What is the Outcome of Adolescence?
A
  • teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity
  • success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself
  • failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self
20
Q
  1. What should Medical Practitioners be able to do with regards to the different stages of Psychological Development?
A
  • identify abnormal patterns of development
  • treat these appropriately
  • these will minimise the disturbances to physical and psychological growth
21
Q
  1. What are the areas that should be psychologically reviewed with regards to Child Development from Birth to Adolescence?
A
  • Attachment
  • Cognitive Development
  • Language Development
  • Social Development
  • Moral Development
22
Q
  1. What is the basis of the theory of Cognitive Development proposed by Jean Piaget (1954)?
A
  • the child’s mind develops into an adult’s mind through four stages
  • these are called the Stages of Cognitive Development
  • they span from birth to adolescence
23
Q
  1. What is Equilibration?
A
  • this is also known as Assimilation and Accommodation
  • this is when we adjust our ideas to make sense of our reality
24
Q
  1. What is Assimilation?
A
  • it is the process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure
25
Q
  1. What is Accomodation?
A
  • when there is an inconsistency between the learner’s cognitive structure and what they are learning:
    - they will reorganise their thought process
26
Q
  1. What are Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development?
A
  1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years of age)
  2. Preoperational (2 to 7 years of age)
  3. Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years of age)
  4. Formal Operations (12 to 15 years of age)
27
Q
  1. What kind of change is seen in the Sensorimotor Stage?
A
  • rapid change
28
Q
  1. What will the child experience during the Sensorimotor Stage?
A
  • they will explore the world through senses
  • they will explore the world through motor activity
  • early on in their lives, the baby cannot differentiate between themselves and their environment
  • if they can’t see something, then it does not exist
  • this is called Object Permanence
  • they begin to understand cause and effect
  • they can follow something with their eyes
29
Q
  1. What will the child experience during the Preoperational Stage?
A
  • better speech communication
  • start to imagine the future
  • can reflect on the past
  • they develop basic numerical abilities
  • they are still pretty egocentric
    (thinking only of yourself)
  • they are able to delay gratification
  • cannot understand conservation of matter
  • they have difficulty distinguishing fantasy from reality
  • inability to understand conservation of matter
30
Q
  1. What is Conservation of Matter?
A
  • it is the understanding that something does not change even though it looks different
  • understanding that the shape is not related to the quantity
31
Q
  1. What will the child experience during the Concrete Operational Stage?
A
  • they understand the conservation of matter
  • their is an increase in their abstract reasoning ability
  • their is an increase in their ability to generalise from concrete aspects
32
Q
  1. What will the child experience during the Formal Operations Stage?
A
  • they are able to think about hypothetical situations
  • they can form and test hypotheses
  • they can organise information
  • they can reason scientifically
33
Q
  1. When does Development happen (According to Piaget)?
A
  • it happens from one stage to another
  • through the interaction between the individual and their environment
34
Q
  1. Is Development linear?
A
  • no
  • it changes from stage to stage
  • it may occur abruptly
  • kids will differ in how long they are in each stage
35
Q
  1. When can Cognitive Development happen?
A
  • after genetically controlled biological growth has occurred
  • it will happen naturally through regular interaction with the social environment
36
Q
  1. Where does the drive for Development happen?
A
  • internally
37
Q
  1. When can the child learn information?
A
  • when it is at the right developmental stage
38
Q
  1. What can influence development?
A
  • environmental factors
  • they cannot direct development though

MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY (29 decks)

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