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MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY > 15. APPLICATIONS OF MEMORY TO MEDICAL SETTINGS > Flashcards

15. APPLICATIONS OF MEMORY TO MEDICAL SETTINGS Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the function of Procedural and Declarative Memory?
A
  • Dissociating Function
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2
Q
  1. What is a disorder of Procedural and Declarative Memory?
A
  • Temporal Lobe Amnesia

(such as Korsakoffs)

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3
Q
  1. What are the effects of Temporal Lobe Amnesia?
A
  • EFFECTS ON PROCEDURAL MEMORY:
    • patients are able to learn new skills
  • EFFECTS ON DECLARATIVE MEMORY:
    • patients are unable to learn new facts

EG: a patient may show improved performance on a simple task over time

BUT: they will show no recognition or memory of ever having performed the task before

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4
Q
  1. What is the function of Semantic and Episodic Memory?
A
  • Dissociating Function
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5
Q
  1. Damage to which brain regions will result in issues with Semantic and Episodic Memory?
A
  • the left frontal-parietal lobe
  • the right parietal-occipital lobe
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6
Q
  1. What is an effect of damage to Semantic and Episodic Memory?
A
  • EFFECTS ON EPISODIC MEMORY:
    - the patient can no longer retrieve any personal
    memory from their past
    - cannot acquire autobiographical knowledge
  • EFFECTS ON SEMANTIC MEMORY:
    - the patient still has general knowledge
    - the patient can acquire new semantic knowledge
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7
Q
  1. What is Recognition?
A
  • it is sensing that a stimulus has been previously encountered
  • this brings about a sense of familiarity
  • it is generally easier than Recall
  • this is because the information is contained in the cue/prompt
  • Recognition can be direct
  • as a result of a set stimuli
  • Recognition can be indirect
  • as a result of a mental search of the Long Term Memory store
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8
Q
  1. What is Recall?
A
  • it is the Reconstruction of a stimulus
  • it uses the information available from the cue
  • it also uses information from the Long Term Memory store
  • it is checked by the process of Recognition
  • it has a greater cognitive demand than Recognition
  • Recall can be direct
  • as a result of the cue/prompt
  • Recall can e indirect
  • it can arise after problem-solving strategies have been employed
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9
Q
  1. Is memory entirely stable?
A
  • no
  • therefore, recall and recognition can be inaccurate
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10
Q
  1. What is the main cause of Forgetting?
A
  • issues within the Working Memory
  • issues within the Long Term Memory
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11
Q
  1. What are two factors that lead to Forgetting information?
A
  1. Passage of time
  2. Interference
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12
Q
  1. What is the Passage of Time (with regards to Forgetting)?
A
  • it is the rapid decay of information from the Working Memory
  • it is the death of cells
  • this leads to the loss of Long Term Memory
  • this can be accelerated by mental conditions
    (such as dementia)
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13
Q
  1. What is Interference?
A
  • it is the interference to the storage in the Working Memory
  • this can be either Retroactive Interference
    or Proactive Interference
  • the connections are re-molded over time in the Long Term Memory
  • this is influenced by the presence of Proactive and Retroactive interference of information
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14
Q
  1. What are the five factors that can bring about Amnesia?
A
  1. Damage
  2. Chronic Alcohol Abuse
  3. Disease
  4. Reversible Brain Diseases
  5. Psychogenic Memory Loss
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15
Q
  1. What are examples of Damage (in terms of Amnesia)?
A
  • head injury
  • stroke
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16
Q
  1. What are examples of Chronic Alcohol Abuse (in terms of Amnesia)?
A
  • Korsakoff’s Syndrome
  • this is a lack of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in the brain
  • it affects the storage and retrieval processes of the brain
17
Q
  1. What are examples of Disease (in terms of Amnesia)?
A
  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • this is the extensive damage to the cortex
  • it leads to progressive deterioration as a result of some impaired memory skills
    (such as issues with the Episodic Memory)
  • it is a more general cognitive impairment
18
Q
  1. What are examples of Reversible Brain Disease (in terms of Amnesia)?
A
  • Tumours
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Subdural Haematoma
  • Deficiencies in B1, B6 and B12
  • Endocrine Disease
  • Syphilis
19
Q
  1. What are examples of Psychogenic Memory Loss (in terms of Amnesia)?
A
  • Abuse
  • War
20
Q
  1. What are the two types of Amnesia?
A
  • Anterograde Amnesia
  • Retrograde Amnesia
21
Q
  1. What is Anterograde Amnesia?
A
  • it is the inability to store new information
22
Q
  1. What is Retrograde Amnesia?
A
  • it is the inability to recall information prior to the trauma
  • this is often caused by a closed head injury
  • this kind of amnesia can last a relatively short duration
23
Q
  1. What are 4 factors that affect/aid a patient’s memory for information/medical information?
A
  • Higher IQ
    (using your own memory to make sense of topics that you do not understand that well)
  • Greater medical/technical information
  • Higher anxiety levels
    (leads to improved memory)
    (reduces the capacity to solve problems effectively)
    (improves memory and reduces flexibility)
  • Age
24
Q
  1. When are patients more likely to remember information with regards to consultations?
A
  • at the start of the consultation
  • at the end of the consultation
  • this is the primacy and recency effect
25
Q
  1. Which kind of statements will patients be more likely to remember?
A
  • statements perceived as important
26
Q
  1. What amount of information are patients more likely to remember?
A
  • when the total amount of information provided is less
  • when short words and sentences are used to convey the information
27
Q
  1. What kind of material are patients more likely to remember: organised or unorganised?
A
  • organised information
  • information that has been grouped into categories
28
Q
  1. What material are patiently more likely to remember in terms of repetition?
A
  • material that has been repeated
29
Q
  1. What kind of information are patients likely to remember with regards to instructions?
A
  • patients are likely to remember instructions that are explicit and concrete
  • the use of practical examples also increases memory
30
Q
  1. What has been shown to lead to good Long Term Memory Retention?
A
  • recalling the information immediately after is has been stored
31
Q
  1. When is information likely to be best remembered?
A
  • when it has been interpreted according to one’s own schema

SCHEMA= a pattern of though that is unique to the
individual
= they form their own relationship between the
information given

MED 104- MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY (29 decks)

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