1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

1. What two Greek words make up the word Psychology?

Answer 1

• Psyche
• Logos

Question 2

2. What do the two Greek words mean?

Answer 2

• Psyche= Soul
• Logos= Knowledge

Question 3

3. What does the term “Soul” mean to Psychologists?

Answer 3

• it is interpreted as behaviour, emotions and motives

Question 4

4. What is Psychology?

Answer 4

• it is the field of study whose main aim is to accumulate knowledge about behaviour, emotions and motives
• it studies everything that encompasses these areas

Question 5

5. What is the main aim of Psychology?

Answer 5

• to enhance our knowledge and understanding of behaviour
• to enable us to differentiate between normality and abnormality in different settings

Question 6

6. Is behaviour conditioned, explain?

Answer 6

• it is
• it is a response to external and internal stimuli

Question 7

7. Why is Psychology helpful?

Answer 7

• the skills deriving from psychology, as well as the more specialised and applied knowledge that psychology brings about
• allow psychologists to therapeutically modify abnormal or deviant behaviour

Question 8

8. Provide a definition for normal?

Answer 8

• normal is what the majority considers right
• this does not however mean that it is in fact right
• it is just the behaviour that accompanies a widely agreed upon social belief

Question 9

9. Provide a definition for Abnormal?

Answer 9

• this is whatever deviates from the norm
• it is behaviour that is not accepted or demonstrated by the majority
• this does not mean that this behaviour is wrong

Question 10

10. How are behaviours recognised?

Answer 10

• they are recognised through the complex patterns of responses to both external and internal stimuli

Question 11

11. List 5 facts about behaviour.

Answer 11

1. they are mapped on the brain and controlled by the CNS (Central Nervous System)
2. they are influenced by previous learning, attention and memory
3. they are affected by environmental and social norms
4. they are affected and influenced by a person’s upbringing
5. they are modified by a person’s personality

Question 12

12. What are the 8 branches of the Study of Psychology?

Answer 12

1. Biological and Physiological Psychology
2. Cognitive Psychology
3. Social Psychology
4. Developmental Psychology
5. Theories of Personality in Psychology
6. Neuropsychology
7. Comparative Psychology/Ethology
8. Research Methods

Question 13

13. What is Biological and Physiological Psychology?

Answer 13

• it is the study of the biology of behaviour
• it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics.
• Biological psychology examines the relationship between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and the influence of heredity on behaviour.

Question 14

14. What is Cognitive Psychology?

Answer 14

• Cognitive Psychology is the science of how we think.
• it’s concerned with our inner mental processes

such as:
- attention
- perception
- memory
- action planning
- language

Each of these components are pivotal in forming who we are and how we behave

Question 15

15. What is Social Psychology?

Answer 15

• Social psychology is the study of how individual or group behaviour is influenced by the presence and behaviour of others
• it studies how and why people’s perceptions and actions are influenced by environmental factors
  (such as social interaction)

Question 16

16. What is Developmental Psychology?

Answer 16

• it is also called Life-span Psychology
• it is the branch of psychology concerned with the changes in cognitive, motivational, psychophysiological, and social functioning that occur throughout the human life span

Question 17

17. What are Theories of Personality in Psychology?

Answer 17

• Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals
• it aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces
• its areas of focus include: construction of a coherent picture of the individual and their major psychological processes

Question 18

18. What is Neuropsychology?

Answer 18

• Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology

-it is concerned with how a person’s cognition and behaviour are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system

• professionals in this branch of psychology often focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brain affect cognitive and behavioural functions

Question 19

19. What is Comparative Psychology?

Answer 19

• this is also known as Ethology
• Comparative psychology can generally is the branch of psychology that studies the similarities and differences in the behaviour of organisms

Question 20

20. What are Research Methods?

Answer 20

• a procedure for the formulation and evaluation of hypotheses
• it intendeds to reveal relationships between variables and provide an understanding of the phenomenon under investigation
• In psychology, this generally involves empirical testing and takes the form of the scientific method.

Question 21

21. What are the 3 Applied Areas of Psychology?

Answer 21

• Clinical Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Occupational Psychology

Question 22

22. What is Occupational Psychology?

Answer 22

• Occupational psychology is concerned with the performance of people at work
• it is concerned with how individuals, small groups and organisations behave and function

Question 23

23. What is Educational Psychology?

Answer 23

• Psychologists working in the field of education study how people learn and retain knowledge.
• they apply psychological science to improve the learning process and promote educational success for all students

Question 24

24. What is Clinical Psychology?

Answer 24

• Psychologists who provide clinical or counselling services assess and treat mental, emotional and behavioural disorders
• they use the science of psychology to treat complex human problems and promote change
• they promote resilience and help people discover their strengths

Question 25

25. What are the three subsections of Clinical Psychology?

Answer 25

• Clinical Health Psychology
• Clinical Forensic Psychology
• Clinical Neuropsychology

Question 26

26. What is Clinical Health Psychology?

Answer 26

• Clinical health psychology investigates and implements clinical services across diverse populations and settings
• it promotes health and well-being
• it aims to prevent, treat and manage illness and disability.

Question 27

27. What is Clinical Forensic Psychology?

Answer 27

• Clinical Forensic Psychology is the field of psychology used within the judicial system
• it is where professionals apply their psychological knowledge to both criminal and civil cases
• this includes the assessment, treatment of, or consultation around clinical issues relating to psychology and the legal system

Question 28

28. What is Clinical Neuropsychology?

Answer 28

• Clinical Neuropsychology is dedicated to understanding the relationships between brain and behaviour
• particularly as these relationships can be applied to the diagnosis of brain disorder, assessment of cognitive and behavioural functioning and the design of effective treatment.

Question 29

29. What are the six types of Psychotherapy?

Answer 29

• Psychodynamic Therapy
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
• Systematic Therapy
• Humanistic Therapy
• Personal Construct Psychotherapy (PCP)
• Rogerian Therapy

Question 30

30. What is Psychodynamic Therapy?

Answer 30

• Psychodynamic therapy focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering.
• it uses self-reflection and self-examination, and the use of the relationship between therapist and patient as a window into problematic relationship patterns in the patient’s life

Question 31

31. What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?

Answer 31

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave
• it is most commonly used to treat anxiety and depression
• it can be useful for other mental and physical health problems

Question 32

32. What is Systematic Therapy?

Answer 32

• systemic therapy focuses on the interactions and relationships between the group to help them address any problems and to move on
• it gives all the members of the group the chance to explore their feelings and say what they think in a safe, non-judgmental environment.

Question 33

33. What is Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 33

• Humanistic therapy is a mental health approach that emphasises the importance of being your true self in order to lead the most fulfilling life
• it’s based on the principle that everyone has their own unique way of looking at the world
• this view can impact your choices and actions

Question 34

34. What is Personal Construct Therapy (PCP)?

Answer 34

• this is a constructivist approach to therapy based on the assumption that everyone sees the world uniquely
• it believes that our view of the world that we live in shapes our experience.

Question 35

35. What is Rogerian Therapy?

Answer 35

• Rogerian therapy is a therapeutic technique in which the client takes an active, autonomous role in therapy sessions
• it is based on the idea that the client knows what is best
• it believes that the therapist’s role is to facilitate an environment in which the client can bring about positive change