[26] CHAPTER XI LESSON 1 Flashcards
is performed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV 1/2), antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (anti-HTLV-I/II), and syphilis.
Serologic testing
Each donor must also be tested at least once for antibodies to
Trypanosoma cruzi.
Required nucleic acid testing (NAT) is performed for:
HBV DNA, HIV-I RNA, HCV RNA, WNV RNA, and ZIKV RNA
Hepatitis is a generic term describing inflammation of the liver.
- Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis
Symptoms typically include jaundice, dark urine, hepatomegaly, anorexia, malaise, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
- Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis
The clinical symptoms of hepatitis range from being asymptomatic to death.
- Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are mainly transmitted through the fecal/oral route.
- Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis
are primarily transmitted parenterally.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis G virus (GBV-C or HGV)
HBsAg, IgM, and IgG antibody to HBc, HBV DNA
Hepatitis B
IgG antibody to HCV, HCV RNA
Hepatitis C
IgM and IgG antibody to HIV-1/2, HIV-1 RNA
HIV
IgG antibody to HTLV-I/II
HTLV
IgG or IgM antibody to T. pallidum antigens or nontreponemal serologic test for syphilis
Syphilis
WNV RNA
West Nile Virus
IgG antibody to T. cruzi (one-time testing)
Trypanosoma cruzi
ZIKV RNA
Zika virus
belongs to the Picornaviridae family of viruses and is a small, nonenveloped, single stranded RNA enterovirus.
Hepatitis A
- Symptoms appear abruptly and last fewer than 2 months, but may persist for as long as 6 months in some individuals.
Hepatitis A
- They may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, fever, jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal discomfort
Hepatitis A
- Symptoms usually resolve within 3 weeks and are generally self-limiting.
Hepatitis A
- Transmission is primarily through the fecal-oral route spread through water, food, and person-to-person contact.
Hepatitis A
Poor hygiene and poor sanitation contribute to the spread of HAV.
Hepatitis A
Because young children are generally asymptomatic, the disease is predominantly spread from person to person within the household.
Hepatitis A
- The incubation period for HAV is 28 days on average, and the peak viremic period occurs 2 weeks before the onset of the elevation of liver enzymes or the appearance of jaundice.
Hepatitis A