[25] CHAPTER X LESSON 3

Question 1

is the donation of blood by the intended recipient.

Answer 1

Autologous (self) transfusion

Question 2

The infusion of blood from another donor is called

Answer 2

allogeneic transfusion.

Question 3

The patient’s own blood reduces the possibility of transfusion reaction or transmission of infectious disease

Answer 3

Autologous (self) transfusion

Question 4

 Collected by regular blood donation procedure, the blood can be stored as liquid or, for longer storage, frozen.

Answer 4

1. Predeposit autologous donation

Question 5

 Usually reserved for patients anticipating a need for transfusion, such as for a scheduled surgery

Answer 5

1. Predeposit autologous donation

Question 6

 Collection of 1 or 2 units of blood from the patient just before a surgical procedure, replacing the removed blood volume with crystalloid or colloid solution.

Answer 6

2. Intraoperative hemodilution

Question 7

Then, at the end of surgery, the blood units are infused into the patient.

Answer 7

2. Intraoperative hemodilution

Question 8

 Group O RBCs are selected for patients for whom transfusion cannot wait until their ABO and Rh type can be determined.

Answer 8

2. Emergency Transfusion

Question 9

 Group O-negative RBC units should be used if the patient is a female of child-bearing potential.

Answer 9

2. Emergency Transfusion

Question 10

 After issuing O blood or type-specific blood, the antibody screen can be completed, and decisions can then be made for the selection of additional units of blood.

Answer 10

2. Emergency Transfusion

Question 11

 Massive transfusion is defined as the replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hours, or about 10 units of blood in an adult.

Answer 11

3. Massive Transfusion

Question 12

Draw type and crossmatch

Answer 12

2 units group O RBCs uncrossmatched

Question 13

Prepare massive transfusion protocol pack by transfusion service

Answer 13

4 to 6 type-specific or cross matched RBCs
4 plasma
1 platelet pool or plateletpheresis

Question 14

Monitor CBC, platelet count, PT/INR, PTT, fibrinogen

Answer 14

Add or subtract components based on lab values

Question 15

Provide additional MTP packs

Answer 15

Continue transfusion until unneeded

Question 16

 Premature infants frequently require transfusion of small amounts of RBCs to replace blood drawn for laboratory tests and to treat the anemia of prematurity

Answer 16

4. Neonatal Transfusion

Question 17

Neonatal Transfusion
 A dose of [?] will increase the hemoglobin by approximately [?]

Answer 17

10 mL/kg

3 g/dL.

Question 18

 Neonatal Transfusion Aliquoted Units

Answer 18

 Less than 7 days old, unless infused slowly
 O-negative or compatible with mother and infant
 CMV-negative or leukocyte-reduced
 Hemoglobin S–negative for hypoxic newborns

Question 19

 Neonatal Transfusion Dose:

Answer 19

10 mL/kg over 2 to 3 hours

Question 20

The patient identification label is compared at the bedside to the [?]. This prevents a specimen tube labeled with one patient’s name being used for the collection of a specimen from another patient.

Answer 20

patient’s hospital armband

Question 21

The [?] are applied to the specimen tubes before leaving the bedside to avoid labeling the wrong tube.

Answer 21

labels

Question 22

The AABB Standards states “Blood and blood components shall be transfused through a [?] that has a filter designed to retain particles potentially harmful to the recipient.”

Answer 22

sterile, pyrogen-free transfusion set

Question 23

Blood components are infused slowly for the first [?] while the patient is observed closely for signs of a transfusion reaction.

Answer 23

10 to 15 minutes

Question 24

The blood components should then be infused as quickly as tolerated or, at most, within [?].

Answer 24

4 hours

Question 25

In standard blood administration sets, the [?] filter removes gross clots and cellular debris.

Answer 25

150- to 260-µm

Question 26

A [?] must be used for transfusion of all blood components.

Answer 26

blood administration filter

Question 27

• The receipt, preparation, and issue of blood components is guided by [?] published and enforced by the FDA.

Answer 27

current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) regulations

Question 28

• Each blood product is prepared and stored to optimize its [?] at the time of transfusion.

Answer 28

purity and potency

Question 29

• Quality control parameters are set by the [?].

Answer 29

FDA and AABB

Question 30

Increases red cell mass and plasma volume

Answer 30

Whole blood

Question 31

Whole blood Often available only for autologous units Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Apheresis RBCs Increase oxygen-carrying capacity in anemia, trauma, and surgery Expiration varies with anticoagulant Frozen/deglycerolized RBCs Prolonged red cell storage for rare blood units and autologous storage 24-hour outdate following deglycerolization Washed RBCs Reduce plasma proteins to avoid allergic and anaphylactic reactions (IgA deficiency) 24-hour expiration following washing Platelets and RBCs Leukocyte Reduced Avoid febrile nonhemolytic reactions and prevent HLA alloimmunization, reduce CMV transmission Prestorage filtration more effective in avoiding cytokines Irradiated RBCs and Platelets Prevent GVHD in immunocompromised patients, HLA-matched platelets or transfusions from a blood relative Irradiation decreases shelf life of RBCs to 28 days Platelets, Pooled Platelets Bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy Pooling reduces expiration to 4 hours Apheresis Platelets Bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy May be HLA matched with recipient in cases of refractoriness FFP, PF24 Replace stable and labile coagulation factors Used in surgeries, trauma, and some factor deficiencies Cryoprecipitated AHF (CRYO) Contains fibrinogen, factors XIII and VIII, and von Willebrand's factor Treatment of von Willebrand's disease, fibrinogen deficiency, and hemophilia A Apheresis Granulocytes Neutropenia with infection, unresponsive to antibiotics Contains RBCs, must be ABO compatible

Question 32

Often available only for autologous units

Answer 32

Whole blood

Question 33

Increase oxygen-carrying capacity in anemia, trauma, and surgery

Answer 33

Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Apheresis RBCs

Question 34

Expiration varies with anticoagulant

Answer 34

Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Apheresis RBCs

Question 35

Prolonged red cell storage for rare blood units and autologous storage

Answer 35

Frozen/deglycerolized RBCs

Question 36

24-hour outdate following deglycerolization

Answer 36

Frozen/deglycerolized RBCs

Question 37

Reduce plasma proteins to avoid allergic and anaphylactic reactions (IgA deficiency)

Answer 37

Washed RBCs

Question 38

24-hour expiration following washing

Answer 38

Washed RBCs

Question 39

Avoid febrile nonhemolytic reactions and prevent HLA alloimmunization, reduce

Answer 39

Platelets and RBCs Leukocyte Reduced

Question 40

CMV transmission

Answer 40

Platelets and RBCs Leukocyte Reduced

Question 41

Prestorage filtration more effective in avoiding cytokines

Answer 41

Platelets and RBCs Leukocyte Reduced

Question 42

Prevent GVHD in immunocompromised patients, HLA-matched platelets or transfusions from a blood relative

Answer 42

Irradiated RBCs and Platelets

Question 43

Irradiation decreases shelf life of RBCs to 28 days

Answer 43

Irradiated RBCs and Platelets

Question 44

Bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy

Answer 44

Platelets, Pooled Platelets

Question 45

Pooling reduces expiration to 4 hours

Answer 45

Platelets, Pooled Platelets

Question 46

Bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy

Answer 46

Apheresis Platelets

Question 47

May be HLA matched with recipient in cases of refractoriness

Answer 47

Apheresis Platelets

Question 48

Replace stable and labile coagulation factors

Answer 48

FFP, PF24

Question 49

Used in surgeries, trauma, and some factor deficiencies

Answer 49

FFP, PF24

Question 50

Contains fibrinogen, factors XIII and VIII, and von Willebrand's factor

Answer 50

Cryoprecipitated AHF (CRYO)

Question 51

Treatment of von Willebrand's disease, fibrinogen deficiency, and hemophilia A

Answer 51

Cryoprecipitated AHF (CRYO)

Question 52

Neutropenia with infection, unresponsive to antibiotics

Answer 52

Apheresis Granulocytes