[19] CHAPTER IX LESSON 1 Flashcards
A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients
Blood Bank
may be a separate free-standing facility or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital.
Blood Bank
is a key international association of blood banks, including hospital and community blood centers, transfusion and transplantation services and individuals involved in transfusion and transplantation medicine
American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
establishes the standards of care for patients and donors in all aspects of blood banking; transfusion medicine; hematopoietic, cellular and gene therapies; and tissue transplantation.
American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
In 1975, World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a resolution encouraging countries to promote the development of national blood services based on [?].
voluntary non-remunerated blood donation
Also, WHO set a goal for all blood donations to be collected from unpaid volunteer donors by
2020
A voluntary non-remunerated blood donor gives [?] of his or her own free will and receives no payment, either in the form of cash or in kind which could be considered a substitute for money.
blood, plasma or cellular components
The primary responsibility of a blood transfusion service is to provide a [?] supply of blood and blood products.
safe, sufficient and timely
All prospective blood donors should therefore be assessed for their [?] to donate blood, on each occasion of donation.
suitability
Most people can give blood if they are in good health. There are some basic requirements one need to fulfill in order to become a blood donor. Below are some basic eligibility guidelines:
In some countries national legislation permits [?] to donate provided that they fulfil the physical and hematological criteria required and that appropriate consent is obtained.
16–17 year-olds
In some countries, regular donors over the age of [?] may be accepted at the discretion of the responsible physician.
65
The upper age limit in some countries are [?].
60
Many successful homologous and autologous donations have taken place in donors over [?] years of age- upper age limit for blood donation is no longer defined.
75
Prospective donor should be observed for presence of
excessive anxiety, drug or alcohol influence and nervousness
of blood/kg of donor weight inclusive of pilot tubes for testing.
10.5mL
Computation if weight is below the requirement:
a. Volume to collect= (donor’s weight in kg/50) x 450mL
b. Volume to collect/450 x 63 mL= reduced volume of anticoagulant
c. 63 mL- above calculated volume= amount of solution to be removed
Athletes with less than [?] is not a cause for deferral
50 bpm
Allogeneic donation:
Greater than or equal to 12.5g/dL; >/= 38%
Autologous donation:
11g/dL and 33%
Hb & Hct collection
By fingerstick, by venipuncture, or by earlobe puncture
Methods for measuring Hgb
o Copper sulfate
o Point of care instruments- spectrophotometric methodology
Temperature Not to exceed
37.5C or 99.5F
Oral temperatures that are [?] than normal are not a cause for deferral
lower
Donors are asked not to drink [?] while waiting to donate, as this may sometimes affect their temperature
coffee or hot beverages
Age: between
18 to 65
Weight: at least
50 kg
Pulse:
50 to 100 bpm
systolic pressure not higher than [?]; diastolic not higher than [?]
180 mm Hg
100 mm Hg
Prior to donation, the donors arm should be inspected for
skin lesions
Evidence of skin lesions (e.g.; multiple puncture marks) is cause for
indefinite deferral
Skin disorders that are not a cause for deferral include
poison ivy and other rashes
At least [?] should lapse between whole blood donations
8 weeks
[?] after 2- unit red cell collection
16 weeks
[?] after infrequent apheresis
4 weeks
[?] after plasma, platelet (not to exceed [?]) or leukapheresis
> 2 days
24 times/year
You cannot donate if you have a
cold, flu, sore throat, cold sore, stomach bug or any other infection.
If you have recently had a tattoo or body piercing, you cannot donate for [?] from the date of the procedure.
6 months
If the body piercing was performed by a registered health professional and any inflammation has settled completely, you can donate blood after [?].
12 hours
If you have visited the dentist for a minor procedure you must wait [?] before donating; for major work wait a [?].
24 hours
month
You must not donate blood If you do not meet the minimum [?] for blood donation
hemoglobin level
A test will be administered at the [?].
donation site
In many countries, a hemoglobin level of [?] for females and [?] for males as the threshold.
not less than 12.0 g/dl
not less than 13.0 g/dl
Travel to areas where mosquito-borne infections are endemic, e.g. malaria, dengue and Zika virus infections, may result in a [?].
temporary deferral
Many countries also implemented the policy to defer blood donors with a history of travel or residence for defined cumulative exposure periods in specified countries or areas, as a measure to reduce the risk of transmitting variant [?] by blood transfusion.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)
You must not give blood: If you engaged in “at risk” sexual activity in the past [?]
12 months
Have ever had a positive test for HIV (AIDS virus)
deferred permanently
Have ever injected recreational drugs.
deferred permanently
In the [?], there are more behavior eligibility criteria. Criteria could be different in different countries.
national blood donor selection guidelines
Following pregnancy, the deferral period should last [?].
as many months as the duration of the pregnancy
It is not advisable to donate blood while [?].
breast-feeding
Following childbirth, the deferral period is at least [?] (as for pregnancy) and until [?] after your baby is significantly weaned (i.e. getting most of his/her nutrition from solids or bottle feeding).
9 months
3 months
Donors should be in good health at the time of donation and free of [?].
infections transmissible by blood
should provide clear and unambiguous guidance for staff involved in donor selection.
Blood Transfusion Service (BTS)
should be consistently applied to all blood donors either donating whole blood or through apheresis, whether first-time or repeat donors.
Rigorous donor selection
The process should be [?] to make best use of staff and donor time, and make blood donation as [?] as possible for blood donors, [?].
planned
convenient
without long waiting periods
- The [?] of the donor as well as the recipient must be safeguarded
health and safety
- Only individuals in [?] should be accepted as donors of whole blood and blood components
good health
- The selection of blood donors should be based on regularly reviewed [?], without [?] of any kind including gender, race, nationality or religion
selection criteria
discrimination
- A prospective donor’s health status and medical history should be evaluated for [?] donation, on the [?] of donation [?] to blood collection
each
day
prior
- The BTS should provide appropriate donor information and a [?] for health and risk assessment and obtain the donor’s [?] to blood donation
simple donor questionnaire
informed consent
- Staff should be suitably qualified and trained in the
donor selection process
- Good communication should be established between the BTS staff and the donor, and [?] should be assured
donor confidentiality
- The [?] has a duty of care to provide counselling to all deferred donors and referral for their further management.
BTS
The purpose is to assess the suitability of an individual to be a blood donor so that blood donation is safe for the donor and the blood products derived from this donation are safe for the recipients.
DONOR SELECTION PROCESS
should be carried out in accordance with written standard operating procedures.
DONOR SELECTION PROCESS
The blood donor selection process:
- Donor registration
- Pre-donation information
- Completion of donor questionnaire
- Donor interview and pre-donation
- Donor health and risk assessment
- Informed consent.
Compliance with all donor selection criteria is crucial to ensure a safe blood donation process and outcomes.
DONOR SELECTION PROCESS
All potential and existing donors should be asked to adhere to the blood donor selection criteria by providing accurate information and answers to all questions asked, both for the protection of their health and that of patients who receive transfusion.
DONOR SELECTION PROCESS
All prospective donors who meet the general criteria for blood donation such as age and good health should be registered when they attend a blood donation session, even if they are subsequently not accepted for donation.
DONOR REGISTRATION
Essential donor registration information includes the individual’s full name, date of birth, gender and contact details.
DONOR REGISTRATION
A unique donor number should be assigned at first registration.
DONOR REGISTRATION
At each occasion of donation, a unique identifier using a numeric or alphanumeric system should be allotted to the donation; this should be attached to the donor questionnaire, primary blood collection bag, its corresponding satellite bags and the blood sample tubes.
DONOR REGISTRATION
During donor registration, prospective donors should be provided with donor information and education materials and the donor questionnaire, which should be completed on each occasion of donation.
DONOR REGISTRATION
The process of donor selection begins even before donors come to give blood through public awareness campaigns and donor education.
PRE-DONATION INFORMATION
At the donation session, this should be provided either orally or through printed, graphic, audio-visual or online materials, presented in a simple and clear format and in appropriate languages.
Pre-donation information
provides an opportunity for the prospective donors to know about health conditions or high-risk behavior that would make them unsuitable to donate blood.
Pre-donation information
This information assists the donors in deciding whether to self-defer
Pre-donation information
it may also assist in donor return if they understand the reason why they should not donate blood on this occasion.
Pre-donation information
Each prospective blood donor should complete a donor questionnaire to provide information in relation to the donor selection criteria defined in the national guidelines.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
In most situations, the donor questionnaire is given to donors at the time of registration for completion before the donor interview and assessment.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
Alternatively, the donor questionnaire may be sent to the donor’s residence to be completed before donation.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
This has the advantage of allowing donors time to think about the answers and saves time at a blood donation session.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
The donor questionnaire may also be administered electronically as a computer-based questionnaire.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
A particular focus is required on first-time donors as they are not familiar with the questionnaire and its purpose and may take longer to complete it
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
it has been reported that regular donors may take less care in in the questionnaire
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
It is essential that donors are aware of the importance of the questionnaire, the significance of the questions and the need for providing accurate information.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
The information provided by the donor can then be further elaborated on during the interview.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
Sight or hearing impairment: assistance should be provided by a staff member.
COMPLETION OF DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
is a voluntary agreement given by the prospective donor to the donation of blood, to the testing of a blood sample for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI), for the transfusion of the donated blood to patients and if required, for the use of the blood for additional tests, quality assurance or research purposes.
Informed consent
Donors who do not to meet the selection criteria should be deferred on a [?] basis
temporary or permanent
All deferred donors should be treated with respect and care in a [?] and should be given a [?] of the reason for deferral and an opportunity to ask questions.
confidential manner
clear explanation
should be advised on when they could donate and encouraged to return.
Temporarily deferred donors
Donors are less likely to return to donate blood if [?] is given about the reason for deferral.
unclear or unsatisfactory information
Many [?] do not spontaneously return to donate blood and may need to be recalled after the deferral period is over.
temporarily deferred donors
[?] of deferred blood donors could enhance the compliance of donors to seek follow-up medical care
Counselling
A system should be in place for [?]if any further
donor counselling and referral
