[19] CHAPTER IX LESSON 1 Flashcards by Arriane Cyrel (MTI)

A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients

Blood Bank

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may be a separate free-standing facility or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital.

Blood Bank

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is a key international association of blood banks, including hospital and community blood centers, transfusion and transplantation services and individuals involved in transfusion and transplantation medicine

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)

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establishes the standards of care for patients and donors in all aspects of blood banking; transfusion medicine; hematopoietic, cellular and gene therapies; and tissue transplantation.

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)

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In 1975, World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a resolution encouraging countries to promote the development of national blood services based on [?].

voluntary non-remunerated blood donation

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Also, WHO set a goal for all blood donations to be collected from unpaid volunteer donors by

2020

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A voluntary non-remunerated blood donor gives [?] of his or her own free will and receives no payment, either in the form of cash or in kind which could be considered a substitute for money.

blood, plasma or cellular components

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The primary responsibility of a blood transfusion service is to provide a [?] supply of blood and blood products.

safe, sufficient and timely

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All prospective blood donors should therefore be assessed for their [?] to donate blood, on each occasion of donation.

suitability

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Most people can give blood if they are in good health. There are some basic requirements one need to fulfill in order to become a blood donor. Below are some basic eligibility guidelines:

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In some countries national legislation permits [?] to donate provided that they fulfil the physical and hematological criteria required and that appropriate consent is obtained.

16–17 year-olds

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In some countries, regular donors over the age of [?] may be accepted at the discretion of the responsible physician.

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The upper age limit in some countries are [?].

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Many successful homologous and autologous donations have taken place in donors over [?] years of age- upper age limit for blood donation is no longer defined.

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Prospective donor should be observed for presence of

excessive anxiety, drug or alcohol influence and nervousness

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of blood/kg of donor weight inclusive of pilot tubes for testing.

10.5mL

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Computation if weight is below the requirement:

a. Volume to collect= (donor’s weight in kg/50) x 450mL
b. Volume to collect/450 x 63 mL= reduced volume of anticoagulant
c. 63 mL- above calculated volume= amount of solution to be removed

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Athletes with less than [?] is not a cause for deferral

50 bpm

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Allogeneic donation:

Greater than or equal to 12.5g/dL; >/= 38%

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Autologous donation:

11g/dL and 33%

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Hb & Hct collection

By fingerstick, by venipuncture, or by earlobe puncture

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Methods for measuring Hgb

o Copper sulfate
o Point of care instruments- spectrophotometric methodology

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Temperature Not to exceed

37.5C or 99.5F

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Oral temperatures that are [?] than normal are not a cause for deferral

lower

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Donors are asked not to drink [?] while waiting to donate, as this may sometimes affect their temperature

coffee or hot beverages

Age: between

18 to 65

Weight: at least

50 kg

Pulse:

50 to 100 bpm

systolic pressure not higher than [?]; diastolic not higher than [?]

180 mm Hg 100 mm Hg

Prior to donation, the donors arm should be inspected for

skin lesions

Evidence of skin lesions (e.g.; multiple puncture marks) is cause for

indefinite deferral

Skin disorders that are not a cause for deferral include

poison ivy and other rashes

At least [?] should lapse between whole blood donations

8 weeks

[?] after 2- unit red cell collection

16 weeks

[?] after infrequent apheresis

4 weeks

[?] after plasma, platelet (not to exceed [?]) or leukapheresis

>2 days 24 times/year

You cannot donate if you have a

cold, flu, sore throat, cold sore, stomach bug or any other infection.

If you have recently had a tattoo or body piercing, you cannot donate for [?] from the date of the procedure.

6 months

If the body piercing was performed by a registered health professional and any inflammation has settled completely, you can donate blood after [?].

12 hours

If you have visited the dentist for a minor procedure you must wait [?] before donating; for major work wait a [?].

24 hours month

You must not donate blood If you do not meet the minimum [?] for blood donation

hemoglobin level

A test will be administered at the [?].

donation site

In many countries, a hemoglobin level of [?] for females and [?] for males as the threshold.

not less than 12.0 g/dl not less than 13.0 g/dl

Travel to areas where mosquito-borne infections are endemic, e.g. malaria, dengue and Zika virus infections, may result in a [?].

temporary deferral

Many countries also implemented the policy to defer blood donors with a history of travel or residence for defined cumulative exposure periods in specified countries or areas, as a measure to reduce the risk of transmitting variant [?] by blood transfusion.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

You must not give blood: If you engaged in “at risk” sexual activity in the past [?]

12 months

Have ever had a positive test for HIV (AIDS virus)

deferred permanently

Have ever injected recreational drugs.

deferred permanently

In the [?], there are more behavior eligibility criteria. Criteria could be different in different countries.

national blood donor selection guidelines

Following pregnancy, the deferral period should last [?].

as many months as the duration of the pregnancy

It is not advisable to donate blood while [?].

breast-feeding

Following childbirth, the deferral period is at least [?] (as for pregnancy) and until [?] after your baby is significantly weaned (i.e. getting most of his/her nutrition from solids or bottle feeding).

9 months 3 months

Donors should be in good health at the time of donation and free of [?].

infections transmissible by blood

should provide clear and unambiguous guidance for staff involved in donor selection.

Blood Transfusion Service (BTS)

should be consistently applied to all blood donors either donating whole blood or through apheresis, whether first-time or repeat donors.

Rigorous donor selection

The process should be [?] to make best use of staff and donor time, and make blood donation as [?] as possible for blood donors, [?].

planned convenient without long waiting periods

1. The [?] of the donor as well as the recipient must be safeguarded

health and safety

2. Only individuals in [?] should be accepted as donors of whole blood and blood components

good health

3. The selection of blood donors should be based on regularly reviewed [?], without [?] of any kind including gender, race, nationality or religion

selection criteria discrimination

4. A prospective donor's health status and medical history should be evaluated for [?] donation, on the [?] of donation [?] to blood collection

each day prior

5. The BTS should provide appropriate donor information and a [?] for health and risk assessment and obtain the donor's [?] to blood donation

simple donor questionnaire informed consent

6. Staff should be suitably qualified and trained in the

donor selection process

7. Good communication should be established between the BTS staff and the donor, and [?] should be assured

donor confidentiality

8. The [?] has a duty of care to provide counselling to all deferred donors and referral for their further management.

BTS

The purpose is to assess the suitability of an individual to be a blood donor so that blood donation is safe for the donor and the blood products derived from this donation are safe for the recipients.

DONOR SELECTION PROCESS

should be carried out in accordance with written standard operating procedures.

DONOR SELECTION PROCESS

The blood donor selection process:

1. Donor registration 2. Pre-donation information 3. Completion of donor questionnaire 4. Donor interview and pre-donation 5. Donor health and risk assessment 6. Informed consent.

Compliance with all donor selection criteria is crucial to ensure a safe blood donation process and outcomes.

DONOR SELECTION PROCESS

All potential and existing donors should be asked to adhere to the blood donor selection criteria by providing accurate information and answers to all questions asked, both for the protection of their health and that of patients who receive transfusion.

DONOR SELECTION PROCESS

All prospective donors who meet the general criteria for blood donation such as age and good health should be registered when they attend a blood donation session, even if they are subsequently not accepted for donation.

DONOR REGISTRATION

Essential donor registration information includes the individual's full name, date of birth, gender and contact details.

DONOR REGISTRATION

A unique donor number should be assigned at first registration.

DONOR REGISTRATION

At each occasion of donation, a unique identifier using a numeric or alphanumeric system should be allotted to the donation; this should be attached to the donor questionnaire, primary blood collection bag, its corresponding satellite bags and the blood sample tubes.

DONOR REGISTRATION

During donor registration, prospective donors should be provided with donor information and education materials and the donor questionnaire, which should be completed on each occasion of donation.

DONOR REGISTRATION

The process of donor selection begins even before donors come to give blood through public awareness campaigns and donor education.

PRE-DONATION INFORMATION

At the donation session, this should be provided either orally or through printed, graphic, audio-visual or online materials, presented in a simple and clear format and in appropriate languages.

Pre-donation information

provides an opportunity for the prospective donors to know about health conditions or high-risk behavior that would make them unsuitable to donate blood.

Pre-donation information

This information assists the donors in deciding whether to self-defer

Pre-donation information

it may also assist in donor return if they understand the reason why they should not donate blood on this occasion.

Pre-donation information

Each prospective blood donor should complete a donor questionnaire to provide information in relation to the donor selection criteria defined in the national guidelines.