[23] CHAPTER X LESSON 1 Flashcards
is a broad term that encompasses all aspects of the transfusion of patients.
“Transfusion therapy”
Each blood component has specific indications for
use, expected outcomes, and other considerations
are considered drugs because of their use in treating diseases
Blood and blood products
The transfusion of blood cells is also [?], in that the cells must survive and function after transfusion to have a therapeutic effect.
transplantation
Transfusion therapy is used primarily to treat two conditions:
inadequate oxygen-carrying capacity because of anemia or blood loss and insufficient coagulation proteins or platelets to provide adequate hemostasis.
Preparation: Approx. 450mL of blood with anticoagulant (CPD or CPDA-1)
Whole Blood
Shelf life: CPD- 21 days at 1 to 6 degrees Celsius; CPDA-1: 35 days
Whole Blood
A unit of blood must be transfused within 24 hours if the seal on the bag is broken to remove plasma.
Whole Blood
Dilution: Eight parts circulating blood to one-part anticoagulant (8:1)
Whole Blood
Composition: RBC, plasma, WBC and platelets
Whole Blood
Indication: replace the loss of both RBC mass and plasma volume in actively bleeding patients
Whole Blood
Contraindication: not for patients with severe chronic anemia
Whole Blood
For a 70-kg (154-lb) adult, each unit of whole blood should increase the hematocrit level 3% or hemoglobin 1 g/dL.
Whole Blood
The increase is greater in a smaller person and less in a larger one.
Whole Blood
Preparation: Each unit of pRBC’s contains approximately 250 mL
Red Blood Cells
Prepared by removing 200 to 250 mL of plasma from a unit of WB.
Red Blood Cells
Shelf life: Cells prepared in an open system must be transfused within 24 hours
Red Blood Cells
If cells are prepared using the close system, they have the same expiration date as the original unit of the WB.
Red Blood Cells
Composition: RBC, reduced plasma, WBC and platelets
Red Blood Cells
Average hematocrit: 65-80%
Red Blood Cells
Indication: Increasing RBC mass requiring increased oxygen carrying capacity
Red Blood Cells
Critical level: 6g/dL or less
Red Blood Cells
Contraindication: well compensated patients (chronic renal failure)
Red Blood Cells
RBCs should not be used to treat nutritional anemia such as
o iron deficiency
o pernicious anemia, unless the patient show signs of decompensation (need for increased oxygen carrying capacity)