2.2 Chapter Questions - Comparing Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
Bacteria & Archaea
- prokaryote
- Circular DNA; no nucleus
- Only one chromosome
- Binary fission
- Commonly asexual
- unicellular
- organelles absent
- Many are anaerobic metabolism, does not require oxygen
Eukarya
- eukaryote
- Linear DNA; nucleus
- Mitosis / meiosis
- Commonly sexual
- Most are multicellular
- organelles present
- Most are aerobic metabolism, require oxygen
What are the three most common shapes of bacteria and archaea?
Spherical (cocci)
Rod-like (bacilli)
Spirals (spirilli)
What prefix is added to signify a chain of bacteria?
Strepto
Differentiate between the metabolisms of photosynthesis, chemosynthesis and methanogenesis?
Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy
Chemosynthesis is the process of converting chemical energy in inorganic compounds into energy
Methanogenesis is an anaerobic process unique to archaea
what are some possible advantages of being a mesophile?
being more stable than thermophilic system
Would you consider a colony of bacteria, such as Anabaena, to be a multicellular organism?
- Adventurous
- Do not need to be in colony
Lag Phase
- No cell division
- Adapting
- metabolically active
Exponential Phase
- Exponential growth
- Most metabolically active
- Gen. time at constant minimum
Stationary Phase
- Equilibrium phase
- Growth rate = death rate
- Nutrients exhausted, waste accumulation, pH changes
Decline/death phase
Logarithmic decline
What is conjugation? Is it considered asexual or sexual reproduction?
- Bacteria that has its own DNA with a copy of special DNA
- Passes that special DNA through to the other
- It is copying of DNA, it is a transfer of DNA
- Because no cell was created it is neither
- Just the passing of DNA information
What advantage can conjugation provide prokaryotes?
- It is helpful with their survival because they can share their DNA information in order to survive harsh conditions
- Therefore increasing their chances of survival
- It is done so them as a whole colony can survive together
What is transformation?
introduce new genetic material into a prokaryote which occurs when a cell picks up loose fragment of DNA from its surroundings and uses it
Why is being able to form endospores advantageous?
Being able to form endospores is good because they use it to assist in life-threatening conditions
