10.2/10.3 Kahoot - Digestive System & Disorders Flashcards
digestion
The breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means
Definition of absorption
The transport of nutrients into the circulatory system
Which of the following gives the definition of egestion?
the process of removing waste products from the body
What is a filter feeder?
Animals that strain food from the water
What is a substrate feeder?
Live in/on their own food source
What animal is a fluid feeder?
Hummingbird
What animal is a filter feeder?
clam
What is a bulk feeder?
animals who eats relatively large pieces of food
What is another name for digestive tract?
alimentary canal
Mechanical digestion is _____.
grinding food into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion is _____.
breaking nutrients into monomers by enzymes
Which macromolecule do microbes in the herbivore digestive tract help digest?
Carbohydrates
Which animal has a longer digestive tract - herbivore or carnivore?
Herbivores, because plants take longer to digest.
What is corprophagia?
The eating of faeces
What is a Ruminant?
An animal with more than one stomach
What is the function of uvula?
Preventing the bolus from entering the nasal cavity
What is the function of Saliva?
Moistens food and begins chemical digestion
What is a bolus?
A ball of food to be swallowed
What is the function of incisors?
biting
What is the function of canines/bicuspids?
tearing
What is the function of molars?
grinding
What are the 3 salivary glands called?
sublingual, parotid, and submandibular
What enzyme does saliva contain
amylase
the muscular movements of the esophagus is called?
peristalsis
What is the sphincter between the stomach an the esophagus called?
cardiac sphincter
Function of epiglottis:
Protect trachea from food entering
What is the mixture of food and digestive juice called?
Chyme
what kind(s) of digestion occurs in the stomach?
both
The function of mucus in stomach is
protection of inner walls of stomach
Cheif cells secrete
Pepsin
Parietal cells secrete
hydrochloric acid
valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
First part of small intestine
duodenum
General function of small intestine:
digestion and absorption
Which of the following accessory organs produces bile
liver
What chemicals is released by the pancreas?
- lipase
- bicarbonate
- tryspin
The function of bicarbonate in the pancreatic secretions is:
Neutralize the gastric chyme
Last part of small intestine
ileum
Fingerlike projections that increase surface area of small intestine
Villi
What is bile?
An emulsifier that breaks globs of fat in to smaller pieces.
Chemical digestion of proteins occur in which 2 locations?
stomach and small intestines
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur in which 2 locations?
mouth and small intestines
Where does chemical digestion of lipids occur?
small intestines
All carbohydrates must be in the form of _____ for cells to use as an energy source.
Glucose
Which below is a function of Large Intestine?
Absorb water
Normal flora means:
The nonpathogenic microorganisms that live in our body
The parts of the large intestine (in order)
cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
Ileocecal valve:
Separates small intestines from large intestines
A possible function of the appendix may be to:
immune system
What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?
they produce vitamin B & K
Number of sphincters located in the anus?
2
Which of the two sphincters in the anus is voluntary?
External sphincter
Main Function of Rectum?
short tube at the end of the large intestine that stores wastes temporarily
Where do peptic ulcers mainly occur?
Stomach
What bacteria is associated with stomach Ulcers?
H. pylori
What are some risk factors of Peptic Ulcers?
- Alcohol
- smoking
- coffee
IBD stands for:
Inflammatory Bowel disease
What are the two forms of IBD?
Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
What part of the GI tract does Ulcerative colitis affects?
mostly the rectum and sigmoid colon
What is a cause of Ulcerative Colitis?
an autoimmune response
What part of the GI tract does Crohn’s Disease affect?
Any segment of the GI tract
What is Hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection
How many types of hepatitis are there?
5
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Fecal Oral Transmission
What forms of hepatitis do we have a vaccine for?
A & B
What is a risk of untreated Hepatitis C infection?
Increased chance of liver cancer
What are symptoms of hepatitis>
- fatigue
- jaundice
- dark urine
Liver cirrhosis is…
Irreversible scar tissue accumulation in the liver
Gall stones are made of
cholesterol
The surgical removal of the gallbladder is called
Cholecystectomy
Poorly functioning/missing gallbladder can cause:
incomplete lipid digestion and absorption
Appendicitis is…
inflammation of appendix
Where is the appendix found?
right lower abdominal cavity
Diabetes is…
A disease that affects a body’s ability to make glucose
___ is the hormone the pancreas releases to allow entry of glucose into our cells.
insulin
The 3 types of diabetes are:
Type 1, Type 2 & Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs
In pregnant women
Type 1 diabetes patients
are incapable of making insulin
Type 1 diabetes:
occurs most often in children and young adults
Type 2 diabetes:
usually develops in adulthood
Which type of Diabetes requires insulin injections?
Type 1
What is the most common type of diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
lifestyle changes
What animal was the insulin first extracted from for treatment of diabetes in humans?
Pig
How is insulin manufactured today?
Genetic engineering of bacteria
accessory organ to the digestive tract
pancreas, liver, gall bladder
