10.1 Kahoot - Macromolecules & Enzymes Flashcards
What does intracellular mean?
Inside of the cell
Interstitial fluid is fluid found where?
Between the cells
Organic molecules are
- carbon-based
- Larger than inorganic molecules
Which of the following correctly identifies the 4 major macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids
What elements combine to form Carbohydrates?
C,H,O
3 types of carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
What is the standard molecular formula of monosaccharides?
C6H12O6
Name 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, galatose
What would be the correct formula for a dissacharide?
C12H22O11
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure
Where is fructose found?
Fruit
A disaccharide is:
when two monosaccharides are joined together
What happens in a Dehydration synthesis reaction?
removing water to build a larger molecule.
Two sugars are linked to form a disaccharide. This requires a _____ reaction that would _____ water.
dehydration synthesis; release
Name 3 disaccharides?
Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
Table sugar, sucrose is made from
A glucose and a fructose
A disaccharide forms when:
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis
Lactose is found in which type of food?
milk
A function of mono- and disaccarides includes:
Energy source
Polysacharrides are the polymers of which macromolecule?
Carbohydrates
Polysacharides are?
long chains of monosaccharides</b>
Are polysaccharides insoluble or soluble
Insoluble
Types of polysaccharide include:
starch, chitin, cellulose, glycogen
Where is glycogen found in humans?
Liver and muscle
Where is cellulose found in plants?
In cell wall
What is the name of the polysaccarhide that potatoes use as energy storage?
Starch
what is the function of polysaccharides?
energy storage and structure
Lipids are also called….
fats
Lipids contain what elements?
C, H, O
What is one major function of Lipids?
Long term energy storage
Are lipids soluble in water?
no
A Triglyceride is made of?
glycerol, 3 fatty acids
A triglyceride forms when:
glycerol and fatty acids join by dehydration synthesis
In dehydration synthesis of a triglyceride, how many waters are produced?
3
What is a fatty acid?
a subunit of most lipids
What is the structure of a fatty acid?
Hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group at ONE end
Saturated fatty acids have
no double bonds between the carbon atoms
What are saturated fats saturated with?
Hydrogen
Where are saturated fats found?
Animal based products
Saturated fats are…
Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids
contain at least one double bond
Unsaturated fatty acids
Come from plants and are liquids
Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?
C=C double bonds form kinks which prevent alignment.
What type of lipid forms the cell membrane?
phospholipids
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water Hating
What is the general structure of phospholipid molecules?
1 hydrophillic phosphate head, 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophillic?
Head
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
What is NOT a function of proteins?
Quick energy
What elements are amino acids primarily made of
C, H, O, N
What part of the amino acid changes for the different types?
R group
How many amino acids do humans use?
~20
Essential amino acids are…
not made by the human body
How many of the amino acids we require for our proteins are “essential”?
9
What reaction bonds together amino acids into a polypeptide?
dehydration synthesis
The bond between two amino acids is called ____________
peptide bond
What protein structure is represented by the amino acid chain twisting and folding?
Secondary
What protein structure is represented by more than one polypeptide chain folding together?
Quaternary
What protein structure is represented by just a straight chain of amino acids?
Primary
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What are the subunits of a nucleotide?
A pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
what is the general structure of DNA?
Double Helix
In DNA Guanine pairs with _________________.
Cytosine
In DNA Adenine pairs with _________________.
Thymine
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus of Cells
In DNA, what type of bond holds the 2 strands together?
Hydrogen
In RNA Adenine pairs with _________________.
Uracil
How is DNA different than RNA?
- RNA is a single strand while DNA is double stranded
- RNA has the base uracil while DNA has thymine
- RNA contains the sugar ribose while DNA has deoxyribose
Which is a function of RNA?
Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Which macromolecule make up the enzymes that your body needs to function?
Proteins
How do enzymes help reactions?
Decrease activation energy
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up reactions
TRUE/FALSE: Catalysts never get used up in a reaction
True
Part of enzyme that fits into substrate
active site
What is the term used to describe when an enzyme changes shape and becomes unusable?
Denatured
What type of reaction is used to break down macromolecules into their monomers?
hydrolysis
What is hydrolysis?
Breaking bonds using water
What is the common ending of all enzyme names?
-ase
Enzyme that breaks down lipids:
lipase
Induced fit refers to which of the following characteristics of enzymes?
There is a minor shift in the active site shape that optimizes reactions
What is true about enzymes and temperature?
They only work within a specific tempertatrue range.
which statement best describes enzymes and pH?
Enzymes may have different optimum pH’s for them to work
