2.1 Kahoot - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Flashcards
What is a virus?
An infectious agent that replicates in a host.
Viruses are non-living because…
They cannot replicate,move or make proteins
How does a Virus get its energy?
Use the host cell
The capsid of a virus is the
protective outer coat
What is stored within a virus’ capsid?
Genetic Material (either DNA or RNA)
A protein from the host cell membrane, that the virus uses to enter the host cell
spike
All viruses have an envelope.
False
The envelope of a virus is derived from the host’s…
membrane structures
A virus lacking a lipid envelope is termed
naked
All viruses are the same shape.
False
What is this virus called?
Bacteriophage
How big are virus particles?
smaller than bacteria
Virus replicate by binary fission
False
What are the six stages of the Lytic Cycle, in order:
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release
Lysogenic cycle is considered “dormant” because
The DNA is embedded in the cell
parts of the Lysogenic cycle?
- Viral DNA merges with host cell DNA
- Every time the cell makes a copy, it also copies the virus
- Virus injects DNA into host cell
Does the lytic or lysogenic cycle take longer?
Lysogenic Cycle
The lysogenic cycle may turn into the lytic cycle..
due to a stressor
What is a provirus?
A virus that remains dormant for many generations.
things that help prevent a viral infection?
- getting vaccines
- washing hands
- using hand sanitizer
cannot help prevent a viral infection?
taking antibiotics
Zoonotic diseases:
are transferred from animals to humans
What are Viroids comprise of?
RNA molecules
Are viroids surrounded by a capsid?
No
Known viroids infect…
plants
Viroids are ___ than a virus
smaller
A prion made of…
Protein
What is a prion?
Infectious protein that affects normal functioning proteins
Which disease is transmitted via ingestion of infected brain matter?
Creutzfeldt-jakob disease
The discovery of viroids and prions came about long after the discovery of bacteria and viruses
because technology was needed to see things that small
Why is it difficult to produce anti-viral drugs?
Viruses reproduce inside our cells so we could damage cells
A company wanting to develop antiviral drugs should study the…
mechanism used by the virus to infect cells
Effective antiviral drugs are usually associated with which properties?
Interference with viral replication
What is an antigen?
the part of the pathogen which causes an immune response
What is the purpose of vaccines?
to stimulate the production of antibodies.
Which of these are features of the SECONDARY immune response?
Faster immune response, higher antibody concentration
An attenuated virus is
A virus that has had its pathogenic properties removed
A vaccine consists of_________:
- inactivated toxins or parts of microorganisms.
- killed microorganisms
- live, attenuated microorganisms
Why is it difficult to make an effective vaccine
A virus mutates frequently.
When is a vaccine used?
to try and prevent a viral infection
