2015 physiology Flashcards
A man had a total vascular resistance of 20. As he climbed a high altitude, his blood viscosity rose by 20%. What will his total vascular resistance be after acclimatizing? A) 16 B) 18 C) 20 D) 24
D) 24
Why can’t elderly cope with excessive heat?
A) Increased MRP
B) Decreased activity/output of sweat gland
C) Decreased PSNS
D) Inactivation of the thyroid gland
B) Decreased activity/output of sweat gland
Which term is used when a membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential? A) Depolarization B) Hyperpolarization C) Overshoot D) Repolarization
B) Hyperpolarization
What is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion? A) Non-specific B) Carrier-mediated C) Works against concentration gradient D) Requires ATP
B) Carrier-mediated
Which event can lead to a reduction of ICF osmolarity? A) Excessive water intake B) Excessive water loss from the body C) IV infusion of 1.5% NaCl solution D) Loss 1L of blood
A) Excessive water intake
Which physiological process leads to synaptic depression in the short term synaptic plasticity?
A) Increased residual calcium in the presynaptic compartment
B) Reduced amount of releasable NTs
C) Reduced response by postsynaptic receptors
D) Saturation of postsynaptic receptors
B) Reduced amount of releasable NTs
Which transmembrane receptor is made of a single peptide chain which contains 7 alpha helices? A) Epidermal growth factor receptor B) G-protein coupled receptor C) Tyrosine kinase D) Guanylate cyclase
B) G-protein coupled receptor
What’s the most important buffer intracellularly?
A) Proteins
B) Bicarbonate
C) Phosphate
A) Proteins
What is most likely to decrease due to a decrease in RBC count (anemia)?
a. Vascular Compliance
b. Total Vascular Resistance
c. Cardiac Output
d. Pulse pressure
b. Total Vascular Resistance
The release of which hormone causes a decrease in calcium levels?
a. Parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitriol
c. Calcitonin
d. Thyroxine
c. Calcitonin
What is the electric potential of a cell that has 13mM of Na ions inside and 130mM of Na ions outside if all Na channels were open?
a. +58 mV
b. -58 mV
c. -61 mV
d. +61 mV
d. +61 mV
Adrenergic receptors bind adrenaline and noradrenaline but not any other neurotransmitter. What is this property called?
a. Antagonism
b. Competition
c. Saturation
d. Specificity
d. Specificity
How does a cell move fast on a surface?
a. Cilia propeller
b. Exocytosis from the front and endocytosis from the back
b. Exocytosis from the front and endocytosis from the back
If a hormone binds to a member of Janus kinase (JAKkinase) what will happen?
A) JAK kinase will dissociate from the membrane
B) Release a second messenger will occur
C) Phosphorylation of STAT will occur
C) Phosphorylation of STAT will occur
What is the function of non-motor microtubule-associated proteins?
A) Regulation of microtubule assembly
B) ATP binding
A) Regulation of microtubule assembly
Which of the following has the highest oxygen concentration?
A) 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
B) 100%oxygen at barometric pressure
C) Blood with 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure
D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure
which of the following result in most of the heat loss in a newly born child?
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
C) Evaporation
How to inactivate non-gated ion channels/receptors?
Internalization
What determines Water permeability in renal tubules? A) AQP 1 basolateral B) AQP 2 apical C) ADH D) Claudin type
D) Claudin type
What is the molecular defect associated with Glucose intolerance?
A) Reduction of insulin-dependent glucose transporter
B) Beta cells of the pancreas don’t respond to blood glucose
B) Beta cells of the pancreas don’t respond to blood glucose
but another exam has A
pH 7.55 (7.35-7.45) PCO2 52 mmHg (35-45mmHg) HCO3- 40 mmol/l (22-26 mmol/L) What is the underlying disorder? A) Respiratory acidosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Metabolic acidosis D) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Metabolic alkalosis
Upon increased blood pressure, vascular endothelial cells secreted signals that diffused to adjacent smooth muscle cells in an attempt to decrease the blood pressure by vasodilation. What is this method of cell-to-cell communication? A) Gap junction B) Intracrine C) Autocrine D) Paracrine
D) Paracrine
which of the following is the cause of the Donnan effect?
A) Proteins inside cells
B) Proteins in interstitial space
C) Proteins in plasma
C) Proteins in plasma
which of the following stimulates vascular smooth muscle relaxation?
A) Activation of Rhokinase
B) Activation of SERCA
C) Inhibition of SERCA
B) Activation of SERCA
