2011 I&I

Question 1

Which of the following is found in the splenic white pulp?

a. Primary nodule
b. Secondary nodule
c. Germinal centers

Answer 1

c. Germinal centers

Question 2

A child is living in a poor family, where his parents are constantly outside the house working or looking for a job. The child met a group of children of the same age who were involved in high-risk behaviors. Over time, he joined them in these behaviors. What is an endogenous predisposing factor that made this child get into such behaviors?

a. School failure
b. Lack of parental supervision
c. Poverty
d. Peer approval of the behavior
e. Sensation seeking

Answer 2

e. Sensation seeking

Question 3

What are cyclical neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia examples for?

a. Disorders of B cell synthesis
b. Disorder of neutrophil number
c. Disorders of Tcell cytokines

Answer 3

b. Disorder of neutrophil number

Question 4

What is the most common cause of villitis?

Answer 4

Unknown cause

Question 5

Which of the following receptors is considered the main door for HIV entry into the T helper cells?

a. CD3
b. CD4
c. CD8

Answer 5

b. CD4

Question 6

What condition is associated with congenital hydrops fetalis?

Answer 6

Erythema infectiosum

Question 7

What is correct about MHC class II molecules?

a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR
b. They are HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C

Answer 7

a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR

b= Class I

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is used to treat chronic hepatitis B?

Answer 8

Lamivudine

long term use of this causes resistance??

Question 9

Which of the following hemorrhagic viruses can cause fatal outbreaks in hospitals?

a. influenza
b. HCV
c. Ebola virus

Answer 9

c. Ebola virus

Question 10

Which of the following heating/sterilizing techniques is the most effective?

a. Heat under pressure
b. Pasteuraization
c. Dry heat
d. Boiling water

Answer 10

no answer

maybe a

Question 11

What is the function of interferon alpha during a viral infection?

a. Inhibit viral replication
b. Expression of MHC-II molecules

Answer 11

b. Expression of MHC-II molecules

Question 12

What is precipitation used to detect?

Answer 12

Soluble antigen-antibody complexes

Question 13

What infection can a pregnant woman get immunized against?

Answer 13

Tetanus

Question 14

What is used as a prophylaxis against meningococcal meningitis in a pregnant woman going to haj?

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Ciprofloxacin
c. Rifampicin

Answer 14

a. Ceftriaxone

Question 15

What infection has post-exposure immunoglobulin prophylaxis?

Answer 15

HBV

Question 16

What mechanism of antibiotic resistance is demonstrated in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 16

Alterations in penicilin binding proteins

Question 17

What specimen can be used to detect syphilis of the newborn?

a. umbilical cord
b. placenta

Answer 17

b. placenta

Question 18

What is the specimen of choice used in the case of pyrexia of unknown origin?

Answer 18

Blood

Question 19

A woman got into an accident. In which of the following conditions would radiolabeled leukocytes be ordered?

Answer 19

Fever of unknown reason

Question 20

A homosexual man who experiences fatigue and weight loss, his oral cavity was examined and showed whitish lesions. What can be the cause?

Answer 20

Candidiasis

Question 21

Which of the following can be a cause of autoimmune diseases?

Answer 21

Molecular mimicry

Question 22

What happens to the neutrophils in hypersensitivity reaction type III?

Answer 22

They degranulate and release lytic enzymes

Question 23

What is a function of complement?

Answer 23

Chemotaxis

Question 24

Which of the following can be a cause of deficiency of mature CD4+ cells?

Answer 24

MHC-II deficiency

Question 25

What does a cytotoxic T cell recognize?

Answer 25

Epitope presented by MHC-I molecules

Question 26

What is the difference between cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells?

Answer 26

Tc cells recognize MHC molecules while NK don’t

Question 27

What do T helper cells use to recognize MHC-II molecules?

Answer 27

CD4 receptors

TCR not in the choices

Question 28

What is the most efficient way of fighting toxins produced by bacteria?

Answer 28

Neutralization by antibody

Question 29

What is the cause of Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?

Answer 29

No maturation of B cells

Question 30

What is the most common cause of pneumonitis in a patient with a kidney transplant?

a. Cytomegalovirus
b. BK virus

Answer 30

a. Cytomegalovirus

Question 31

How do cytotoxic T cells mediate immune reaction against virus-infected cells?

Answer 31

Apoptosis

Question 32

A man who got bitten by a dog developed an infection in his finger with redness and swelling.
What is the causative microorganism?

Answer 32

Pasteurella multocida

Question 33

A woman who got bitten by a cat developed an infection in her hand 1 week later. What is the most likely cause?

Answer 33

Pasteurella species

Question 34

What characterizes bacillus anthracis from other bacillus species?

Answer 34

Polypeptide capsule

Question 35

What is another type of cells is also infected in an HIV-infected patient in the CNS?

Answer 35

Microglia

Question 36

Which of the following is part of acquired immunity?

a. cilia
b. Cytotoxic T cells
c. basophils
d. macrophages

Answer 36

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 37

What is the rationale from using a combination of drugs in HAART for treating HIV infections?

Answer 37

To overcome or prevent the development of multidrug-resistant strains of the virus