2011 I&I Flashcards
Which of the following is found in the splenic white pulp?
a. Primary nodule
b. Secondary nodule
c. Germinal centers
c. Germinal centers
A child is living in a poor family, where his parents are constantly outside the house working or looking for a job. The child met a group of children of the same age who were involved in high-risk behaviors. Over time, he joined them in these behaviors. What is an endogenous predisposing factor that made this child get into such behaviors?
a. School failure
b. Lack of parental supervision
c. Poverty
d. Peer approval of the behavior
e. Sensation seeking
e. Sensation seeking
What are cyclical neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia examples for?
a. Disorders of B cell synthesis
b. Disorder of neutrophil number
c. Disorders of Tcell cytokines
b. Disorder of neutrophil number
What is the most common cause of villitis?
Unknown cause
Which of the following receptors is considered the main door for HIV entry into the T helper cells?
a. CD3
b. CD4
c. CD8
b. CD4
What condition is associated with congenital hydrops fetalis?
Erythema infectiosum
What is correct about MHC class II molecules?
a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR
b. They are HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C
a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR
b= Class I
Which of the following drugs is used to treat chronic hepatitis B?
Lamivudine
long term use of this causes resistance??
Which of the following hemorrhagic viruses can cause fatal outbreaks in hospitals?
a. influenza
b. HCV
c. Ebola virus
c. Ebola virus
Which of the following heating/sterilizing techniques is the most effective?
a. Heat under pressure
b. Pasteuraization
c. Dry heat
d. Boiling water
no answer
maybe a
What is the function of interferon alpha during a viral infection?
a. Inhibit viral replication
b. Expression of MHC-II molecules
b. Expression of MHC-II molecules
What is precipitation used to detect?
Soluble antigen-antibody complexes
What infection can a pregnant woman get immunized against?
Tetanus
What is used as a prophylaxis against meningococcal meningitis in a pregnant woman going to haj?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Ciprofloxacin
c. Rifampicin
a. Ceftriaxone
What infection has post-exposure immunoglobulin prophylaxis?
HBV
What mechanism of antibiotic resistance is demonstrated in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?
Alterations in penicilin binding proteins
What specimen can be used to detect syphilis of the newborn?
a. umbilical cord
b. placenta
b. placenta
What is the specimen of choice used in the case of pyrexia of unknown origin?
Blood
A woman got into an accident. In which of the following conditions would radiolabeled leukocytes be ordered?
Fever of unknown reason
A homosexual man who experiences fatigue and weight loss, his oral cavity was examined and showed whitish lesions. What can be the cause?
Candidiasis
Which of the following can be a cause of autoimmune diseases?
Molecular mimicry
What happens to the neutrophils in hypersensitivity reaction type III?
They degranulate and release lytic enzymes
What is a function of complement?
Chemotaxis
Which of the following can be a cause of deficiency of mature CD4+ cells?
MHC-II deficiency
What does a cytotoxic T cell recognize?
Epitope presented by MHC-I molecules
What is the difference between cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells?
Tc cells recognize MHC molecules while NK don’t
What do T helper cells use to recognize MHC-II molecules?
CD4 receptors
TCR not in the choices
What is the most efficient way of fighting toxins produced by bacteria?
Neutralization by antibody
What is the cause of Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?
No maturation of B cells
What is the most common cause of pneumonitis in a patient with a kidney transplant?
a. Cytomegalovirus
b. BK virus
a. Cytomegalovirus
How do cytotoxic T cells mediate immune reaction against virus-infected cells?
Apoptosis
A man who got bitten by a dog developed an infection in his finger with redness and swelling.
What is the causative microorganism?
Pasteurella multocida
A woman who got bitten by a cat developed an infection in her hand 1 week later. What is the most likely cause?
Pasteurella species
What characterizes bacillus anthracis from other bacillus species?
Polypeptide capsule
What is another type of cells is also infected in an HIV-infected patient in the CNS?
Microglia
Which of the following is part of acquired immunity?
a. cilia
b. Cytotoxic T cells
c. basophils
d. macrophages
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the rationale from using a combination of drugs in HAART for treating HIV infections?
To overcome or prevent the development of multidrug-resistant strains of the virus
