2014 physiology Flashcards
What is the major source of calcium for smooth muscle contraction? A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum B) Extracellular fluid C) T-tubules D) Mitochondria
A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What occurs when the body set point rises?
A) Shivering
B) Sweating
C) Vasodilatation
A) Shivering
What is the major reason for decreased neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane into the synapse?
A) Increase in the amplitude of the action potential
B) Large amount of extracellular calcium
C) Binding of the neurotransmitter to receptors on the presynaptic membrane
D) Less releasable NT from vesicles
C) Binding of the neurotransmitter to receptors on the presynaptic membrane
An anemic patient has a cardiac output of 6.5, after restoring his level of hemoglobin back to normal, his systemic vascular resistance increased by 30%, what is his CO now (given that the difference in the pressure is constant)?
Blood flow = 6.5 L/min
Resistance increased by 30%
What’s the new blood flow if pressure is constant?
A) 4.5
B) 4.7
C) 5.0
C) 5.0
BF = CO CO = diff in pressure/R CO1/CO2=R2/R1 so assuming R1= 1 Then R2 = 1.3 (coz R2 = 30% more than R1) CO2 = 6.5 x 1/1.3 = 5
The binding of prolactin activates which of the following pathways?
A) Jak/Stat
B) cAMP/PKA/CREB
C) TGFB/SMAD
A) Jak/Stat
A patient was tested for the level of leptin in his blood and it showed to be 31.72, while the normal range of leptin is 5-7 leptin what is the reason behind this increase?
A) Excessive obesity
B) Eating a heavy fat meal
C) lack of exercise
A) Excessive obesity
A person went hiking to a mountain he was Non-acclimatized after he reached a high altitude he suffered from acid base disorder, which acid base disorder is most likely to occur? A) respiratory acidosis B) metabolic alkalosis C) metabolic acidosis D) respiratory alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
what is the cause of intracellular edema?
A) Na-k ATPase not functioning
B) closed K+ channels
A) Na-k ATPase not functioning
What is true about autonomic reflex?
A) monosynaptic
B) ganglionic relay
B) ganglionic relay
What type of contraction that doesn’t cause a change in muscle length?
A) Isometric
B) Isotonic
C) Eccentric
A) Isometric
Inside the cell there is a concentration of 9mM Chloride and outside the concentration of chloride is 90mM, what is the potential inside the cell? A) -61 B) +61 C) -90 D)+ 90
A) -61
A solute is transferred through the membrane without using external energy, this process continues until the concentration in the cell reaches a critical level, this process is saturated afterwards. What is this process termed? A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion C) Primary active transport D) secondary active transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
which of the following has the Highest oxygen concentration?
A) 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
B) 100% oxygen at barometric pressure
C) Blood with 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure
D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure
What is true about a person who has adapted to a hot environment?
A) increase heat loss by evaporation
B) he starts sweating at a higher temperature than a non-adapted person
C) Increase of salts excretion in the sweat
A) increase heat loss by evaporation
What is a cell adhesion molecule?
Integrin
