1.4.4. Motivation In Theory

Question 1

Taylor’s Scientific management

Answer 1

-Money motivates therefore should be used as incentive to motivate
1. Observe workers work
2. Identify most efficient worker and how they do job
3. Break task down into small, repetitive , simple parts
4. Give clear instructions
5. Reward system when task completed
Treated like machines, limited control of employers

Question 2

Mayo’s Human relations Theory

Answer 2

Disproved Taylor. More factors affecting workplace performance than money
-importance of human relations as factor affecting productivity
-workers gain satisfaction by having some freedom and control over working environment
-Feeling belonging to team=more effective work

Question 3

Maslow heirachy of needs

Answer 3

Self actualisation: self fulfilment, new skills, challenges
Esteem needs: strength, confidence, status, recognition
Social needs: belonging, friendship, team work, communication
Safety needs: job security, structure, safe environment, stability
Physical needs: food, shelter, pay, warmth
- Meeting each level of needs is priority with basic needs at bottom and higher level on top. Higher people move up= better workplace performance

Question 4

Herzberg two factor theory

Answer 4

Both hygiene factors and motivators need to be met fully
Motivators:
1.Recognition for achievement
2. Achievement
3. Responsibly
4. Advancement- sense of growth
5. Meaningful interesting work

Hygiene factors:
1. Pay
2. Working conditions
3. Relationships
4. Supervision
5. Company policy/ administration

Question 5

Financial incentives to improve performance

Answer 5

1.Piecework- paying set amount each time they repeat task
+ve: encourages speed
-ve: poorer quality. Rushing tasks

2. Commission- paying staff whose role involves selling certain % of revenue generated on top of low basic salary
   +ves: motivates to sell more
   -ves: mis-sekking as staff try to sell more expensive products to maximise commission= customer dissatisfaction
3. Bonus: Paying lump sum as additional reward to members of staff if target is hit
4. Profit sharing: Allocating certain proportion of annual profit shared as bonus among staff
   +ves: aligns staff goals with business goals
   -ves: hard working staff may resent others who recurve sane profit sharing bonus without putting in same amount of effort
5. Performance related pay-

Question 6

Non financial techniques to improve performance

Answer 6

-Delegation
-Empowerment
-Consultation
-Team working
-Flexible working
-Job enrichment
-Job rotation
-Job enlargement