1.3 Flashcards
talk about trends in family sizes?
Globally, family size has been decreasing over the past few decades due to a variety of factors, including increased access to contraception, changes in societal norms, and improvements in education and economic opportunities for women.
In regions such as Europe, North America, and East Asia, family sizes are generally smaller, with many families having one or two children. This trend has been ongoing since the mid-twentieth century.
In contrast, family sizes in regions such as Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East are still relatively large, with many families having three or more children. However, even in these regions, family sizes are decreasing due to factors such as increased access to family planning and improvements in women’s education and employment.
talk about tends in sex ratios?
Globally, there is a trend towards a more balanced sex ratio at birth, with fewer instances of sex-selective abortion or infanticide. However, there are still some regions where male children are more valued, leading to imbalanced sex ratios.
In China and India, for example, there are more men than women due to a preference for male children and sex-selective abortion. This can have long-term social and economic consequences, including increased competition for marriage partners and potential increases in crime rates.
talk about trends in ageing populations?
Globally, the population is ageing due to declining fertility rates and longer life expectancies. This means that there are more older people in the population than in previous generations.
In Europe, North America, and East Asia, the population is already relatively old, with a significant portion of the population over the age of 65. This trend is expected to continue in the coming decades, leading to potential strains on healthcare systems and social security programs.
In contrast, many regions in Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East still have relatively young populations, but these populations are also ageing as fertility rates decline and life expectancies increase. This means that these regions may also face challenges related to ageing in the coming decades.
what are the policies associated with managing population change?
policies related to ageing societies
* pro-natalist or anti-natalist policies
* gender equality policies and anti-trafficking policies
what are some policies related to ageing societies?
help to provide financial support to older adults who may have retired from the workforce or have limited income. This can include public pensions, retirement savings plans, and other forms of income support.
Healthcare Policies: Policies related to healthcare can help to ensure that older adults have access to affordable, high-quality medical care. This can include policies related to long-term care, chronic disease management, and preventative health services.
Housing Policies: Policies related to housing can help to ensure that older adults have safe, affordable housing options that meet their needs. This can include policies related to home modifications, affordable housing, and senior living communities.
Community Support Policies: Policies related to community support can help to promote social engagement and prevent social isolation among older adults. This can include policies related to community centers, transportation, and volunteer opportunities.
what are some pro natalist polices?
Financial incentives, such as tax credits or cash payments, for families who have more children.
Maternity and paternity leave policies that allow parents to take time off from work to care for their newborns.
Childcare subsidies or free education to help families manage the cost of raising children.
Campaigns and education programs to promote the benefits of having children and family values.
what are some anti natalist polices?
Education and family planning programs that promote the use of contraception and family planning methods.
Laws and regulations about access to abortion and promote reproductive health.
Financial incentives, such as tax penalties, for families who have more children.
Campaigns and education programs to promote smaller family sizes and the benefits of having fewer children.
what are some gender equality polices?
Laws and regulations that prohibit gender-based discrimination in the workplace and in other areas of society.
Programs and initiatives that promote girls’ education and address barriers to women’s participation in the workforce and in leadership positions.
Efforts to promote gender-balanced representation in government and other decision-making bodies.
Initiatives to address gender-based violence, including sexual harassment, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
what are some anti trafficking polices?
Laws and regulations that prohibit human trafficking and provide for the punishment of traffickers.
Efforts to increase awareness of the risks and consequences of trafficking, and to promote public education and outreach.
Programs and initiatives that provide support and protection for trafficking victims, including shelter, medical care, and legal assistance.
International cooperation and coordination to combat cross-border trafficking and to support efforts to prevent trafficking in source countries.
what is the demographic dividend?
The demographic dividend is a term used to describe a period of economic growth that can occur when a country’s population shifts from being dominated by young dependents to being dominated by working-age adults.
what are some ways a population can be considered a resource?
Labor Force: A growing population can contribute to a larger labor force, which can help to drive economic growth and development. With a larger labor force, there is a greater potential for innovation and productivity, which can lead to increased competitiveness in the global economy.
Consumer Market: A larger population can also create a larger consumer market, which can drive demand for goods and services and stimulate economic growth. As the population grows, there may be increased demand for housing, transportation, healthcare, education, and other goods and services.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A growing population can also foster innovation and entrepreneurship, as there is a greater potential for new ideas and creative solutions to emerge. With a larger population, there is a greater diversity of ideas, experiences, and perspectives, which can drive innovation and creativity.
Cultural Diversity: Finally, a growing population can also contribute to cultural diversity, which can enrich society and promote greater understanding and tolerance among different groups. With a larger population, there is a greater potential for diverse cultures and traditions to coexist and thrive, which can lead to a more vibrant and inclusive society.
talk through your population dividen case study?
India is a notable example of a country that has experienced a demographic dividend. In the 1960s and 1970s, India faced a high population growth rate and a large number of dependents, which placed a strain on the country’s resources and infrastructure. However, in the 1990s, India’s population began to shift towards a larger working-age population, which created opportunities for economic growth and development.
what was the benifition of the population divided of India?
Since then, India has experienced significant economic growth, with a gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate averaging around 7% per year over the past decade. This growth has been driven in part by the country’s large and productive labor force, which has benefited from investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. India’s growing middle class has also created a large consumer market, which has helped to drive demand for goods and services and stimulate economic growth.
India’s demographic dividend has also helped to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. With a large and diverse population, India has become a hub for technology startups and has produced numerous successful companies in the technology and software industries.
what are the negatives even though INDIA has gone through the population dividend?
However, India still faces significant challenges related to inequality, poverty, and social development. Despite the economic growth, many Indians still lack access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and clean water. Additionally, India’s population is projected to continue growing in the coming decades, which will create new challenges and opportunities for the country.
