1.2 changing populations and places.

Question 1

define the natural increase rate. How it is calculated and what is does not include in comparison to population change.

Answer 1

Natural increase rate occurs when birth rate exceeds death rate. It is calculated by subratctiting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate and giving the answer as a percentage. It does not include any form of migration unlike population change.

Question 2

define the total fertility rate. Where in general can you expect to fin the highest TFR and what are two factors effecting it.

Answer 2

Total fertility rate is the average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age. A high FR is often seen in LICs. The fertility rate is effected by sociocultural and economic factors.

Question 3

Define Life expectancy. What are factors effecting it. And why you should not assume that the later yeas are spent well.

Answer 3

Life expectancy is the average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that the demographic factors remain unchanged.
Poverty- illness and conflict.
Gender- men do more damaging physical labour and are more likely to live a destructive life style of smocking and alcohol. Later years can be bad due to NCD such as parking sons or cancer.

Question 4

what is population structure referring too? what are some measurable characteristics of aa population? what is often used to show these characteristics.

Answer 4

a population structure or ‘composition’ refers to measurable characteristic of a population. For example age, sex, ethnicity, language, religion or occupation. Population pyramids are often used to demonstrate these characteristics.

Question 5

how is information for a age/sex pyramid collected? and why do the people collecting it want the information.

Answer 5

By the government through a census. It can help them establish present and future needs of a county.

Question 6

In an age/sex pyramid, what does a wide base indicate? and what does a narrow base indicate?

Answer 6

wide base- high birthrates
narrow base- low birth rates.

Question 7

in an age/sex pyramid, what do straight or near vertical sides indicate?

Answer 7

low death rates.

Question 8

what do concave sloped on an age/sex pyramid indicate?

Answer 8

high death rates.

Question 9

in age/sex pyramids, what might a bulg indicate?

Answer 9

high immigration rates or in-migration. An excess in economical migrants males 20-35. execs of elderly or a baby boom.

Question 10

in an age/sex pyramid, you sometimes find ‘slices’ what do they indicate?

Answer 10

a slice can indicate emigration or out-migration. It can also indicate age or sex specific deaths e.g epidemics or war.

Question 11

what is the dependancy ratio?

Answer 11

the dependency ration measures the ration of the working population and the dependant population.

Question 12

what is the formula for the dependancy ratio?

Answer 12

pendant population over
population aged 16-64 (economically active)

times by 100.

Question 13

why is the dependancy ration considered a crude measure?

Answer 13

because many people probably stay in school after 15 and many work after 64.

Question 14

why is the dependancy ratio useful?

Answer 14

because its useful comparing countries or taking changes over time.

Question 15

why is the demographic transition model useful?

Answer 15

it can be applied to all counties.
It shows change over time
it shows natural increase.
it can be useful to estimate population structure.

Question 16

what are some features of stage one in the DTM?

Answer 16

high and variable - birth and death rates.
population growth fluctuates.
few counties mostly tribes are at this stage.

Question 17

what are some factors causing high birth and high death rates?

Answer 17

Birth-
parents want children for labour
to take care of them when they get old
to continue family name
to replace other children that have died
lack of contraception

Death-
no clean water
poverty
no health care
crowding and low wast management
leading to disease.

Question 18

what are some features of stage 2 of the DTM?

Answer 18

early expanding
less death rates but still high birth.
leading to a quickly increasing population.
e.g Afganistan.

Question 19

what are some features of stage 3 of DTM?

Answer 19

late expanding.
birth rate drops and death stay the same.
smaller rate of increase than stage 2.
Brazil and Argentina.

Question 20

what are some feature of stage 4 of the DTM?

Answer 20

lower stationary
low and variable
population growth fluctuates
the population declines.
UK

Question 21

what are some features of stage 5 of the DTM?

Answer 21

low decline
birth rate is lower than the death rate.
population is declining.
Japan

Question 22

in stage 5 of the DTM, what is causing the low birth and death rates?

Answer 22

Birth-
children are very expensive.
women want a career more.
as infant mortality rate decreases less need for back up children.
Death- movement funding health
government providing pensions.
clean water
lower population density
rising standard of living.

Question 23

when dealing with a case study, it is important to take SPEED into consideration. What does SPEED stand for?

Answer 23

social
political
economic
enviromental
demographics

Question 24

when looking at push factors for migration you want to conniver the E in SPEED which is envrioment. What can you say about the envirmoemnt to make it a push factor?

Answer 24

the envirmoent is not Conducive

Question 25

what s internal migration?

Answer 25

Internal migration is when people migrate within the same country or region - for example, moving from London to Plymouth.

Question 26

what is international migration?

Answer 26

International migration is when people migrate from one country to another - for example, moving from Mexico to the USA.

Question 27

what is emigration?

Answer 27

Emigration - when someone leaves a country.

Question 28

what is immigration?

Answer 28

Immigration - when someone enters a country.