1.2 Flashcards
what is the crude birth rate?
The number of births, per 1000 people in the population, per year.
what is the total fertility rate?
The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime. Number of live births per female of reproductive age (15-49).
what is the population number that causes an increase in population or a decrease in population?
ower than 2.1 yields population decrease while rates greater than 2.1 yields population increase.
what is considered the replacement both rate?
A TFR of 2.1 is considered as being the replacement birth rate.
what is the crude death rate?
The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population.
what is life expectancy?
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time someone is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, current age and other demographic factors including their sex.
what is the natural increase rate?
he birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period. It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population or as a percentage
what is a dependancy ratio?
Number of dependents / people in productive years (age 16 to 64)
what are the names for the five stages of the DTM?
stage 1- high stationary
stage 2- early expanding
stage 3- late expanding
stage 4- low stationary
stage 5- decline
can you offer a stage 2 county and a stage 5 country and explain their birth rates, death rates and natural increase?
stage 2- Kenya birth high
death- falling rapidly
natural increase- very rapid increase
stage 5- Germany
birth rates very low
death low
natural increase- slow decrease.
what your opening sentence for the Mumbai case study?
The megacity Mumbai is located in the state of Maharashtra in India. It has a rapidly growing population of 20 million 2022, with an estimated 600 migrants arriving each day.
why are people attracted to Mumbai?
Mumbai is the home of Bollywood, the huge film hub which produces more films than Hollywood each year. This is a huge part of the revenue that supports Mumbai, as well as attracting tourists from around the world.
Rent inside part of the city is higher than some of the most desirable cities in the world such as New York and London.
As a result of globalisation there are many international banks, world-class restaurants and TNC headquarters
wha are some rural push factors that bring people to Mumbai?
RURAL PUSH FACTORS:
what are some urban pull factors that bring people to Mumbai?
Better quality of life
one of the impact of the rapid megacity growth is the slum Dharavi, tell me about it.
60% of the population are still living in poverty and are not benefitting from the growth that is occurring in central Mumbai. One million reside in just 1 square mile of space here, which used to a mangrove swamp! The slum is situated between two main railways, and therefore provides cheap accommodation for low skilled workers which arrive in the city in search of a better life.
how are they managing the megacity in terms of transport?
Increasing the amount of public transport available
how are they managing the megacity in terms of housing?
Increasing the housing availability to reduce the number of people living in slums
what are they doing to manage the mega city in terms of employment?
500,000 jobs in construction, retail, tourism and recreation —
raising GDP by 2% a year
what are the causes of forced migration and internal displacement?
Conflict and violence: Many forced migrations are caused by armed conflict, civil war, and political violence.
Environmental factors: Climate change and environmental degradation can also cause people to leave their homes and migrate to other areas. This can occur due to natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, or droughts, or due to longer-term changes in climate or environmental conditions.
Economic factors: Economic hardship and poverty can also contribute to forced migration, as people seek better economic opportunities in other areas. This can include both rural-urban migration and international migration.
what are the consequences of forced migration and internal displacement?
Social disruption: Forced migration can cause significant disruption to social networks and communities, as people are separated from their families, friends, and cultural traditions. This can lead to social isolation and the loss of important social support systems.
Economic impacts: Forced migration can also have significant economic impacts, both for the migrants themselves and for the areas they are leaving and moving to. This can include the loss of skilled workers, the strain on social services and infrastructure, and the potential for exploitation and low-wage labor.
Psychological effects: Forced migration can also have significant psychological impacts, including trauma, depression, and anxiety. This can be especially true for children and adolescents who are forced to leave their homes and communities.
