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ANATOMY > 13-03 ALL EMBRYO I 2018 - CVS > Flashcards

13-03 ALL EMBRYO I 2018 - CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Epicardium

[what is the specific germ layer of origin?]

A

E. Mesodermal Septum Transversum

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2
Q

Myocardium

[what is the specific germ layer of origin?]

A

A. splanchnic layer of Lateral Plate Mesoderm

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3
Q

Endocardium

[what is the specific germ layer of origin?]

A

A. splanchnic layer of Lateral Plate Mesoderm

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4
Q

Conotruncal Septum

[what is the specific germ layer of origin?]

A

C. migratory ectoderm cells called Neural Crest Cells

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5
Q

Proximal Part of Coronary Arteries

[what is the specific germ layer of origin?]

A

E. Mesodermal Septum Transversum

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6
Q

First to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

A. Cells forming the Outflow tract (pulmonary trunk & ascending aorta)

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7
Q

Second to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

C. Cells that will participate in Left Ventricle formation

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8
Q

Third to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

B. Cells that will participate in Right Ventricle formation

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9
Q

Fourth to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

D. Cells destined to become part of Common Atrium

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10
Q

Last to Migrate

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

E. Cells destined to become part of Sinus Venosus & its tributaries (Superior Vena Cava; Inferior Vena Cava; Coronary Sinus; Oblique Vein of Left Atrium)

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11
Q

18th day AOG

A

A. crescent part of horshoe-shaped primordial heart is in front of the forming brain (neural tube)

[Position of the Forming Heart]

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12
Q

20th day AOG

A

B. in front of the forming head/face

[Position of the Forming Heart]

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13
Q

21st day AOG

A

C. at the cervical/neck region

[Position of the Forming Heart]

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14
Q

22nd day AOG

A

D. inside the primordial thoracic cavity abutted by forming “central tendon of diaphragm” (called septum transversum)

[Position of the Forming Heart]

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15
Q

1st First Few Shapes of the Heart

A

Horshoe-shape heart

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16
Q

2nd First Few Shapes of the Heart

A

Tube-like Heart (heart tube)

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17
Q

final Shape of the Heart

A

Inverted Pyramid after “cardiac looping” (the Adult shape)

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18
Q

First to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

A. Cells forming the Outflow tract (pulmonary trunk & ascending aorta)

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19
Q

2nd to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

B. Cells that will participate in Right Ventricle formation

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20
Q

3rd to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

C. Cells that will participate in Left Ventricle formation

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21
Q

4th to migrate from Primitive Streak to Oropharyngeal Membrane

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

D. Cells destined to become part of Common Atrium

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22
Q

Last to Migrate

[Cells destined to form Cranial to Caudal Segments of the Horshoe-Shaped-Heart]

A

E. Cells destined to become part of Sinus Venosus & its tributaries (Superior Vena Cava; Inferior Vena Cava; Coronary Sinus; Oblique Vein of Left Atrium)

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23
Q

Proximal 3rd of BC

[Segments of “Bulbus Cordis” (BC]

A

C. Primordial trabeculated part of the Right Ventricle

[Terminology]

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24
Q

Mid portion/Middle 3rd of BC

[Segments of “Bulbus Cordis” (BC]

A

A. Conus Cordis

[Terminology]

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25
Distal 3rd of BC [Segments of “Bulbus Cordis” (BC]
B. Truncus Arteriosus [Terminology]
26
Conus infundibulum & Aortic vestibule [Fates or Adult Derivatives of “Bulbus Cordis’” Segments once septated/divided by “CONOTRUNCAL SEPTUM”]
A. Conus Cordis [Terminology]
27
Proximal halves of Pulmonary Trunk & Ascending Aorta [Fates or Adult Derivatives of “Bulbus Cordis’” Segments once septated/divided by “CONOTRUNCAL SEPTUM”]
B. Truncus Arteriosus [Terminology]
28
Right Ventricle [Fates or Adult Derivatives of “Bulbus Cordis’” Segments once septated/divided by “CONOTRUNCAL SEPTUM”]
C. Primordial trabeculated part of the Right Ventricle [Terminology]
29
Distal halves of Pulmonary Trunk & Ascending Aorta [Fates or Adult Derivatives of “Bulbus Cordis’” Segments once septated/divided by “CONOTRUNCAL SEPTUM”]
D. Aortic Sac [Terminology]
30
Master Gene for Heart formation
B. NKX-2.5 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
31
Normal “inhibitors of Heart formation”
A. WNT-3a & WNT-8 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
32
Inhibits “inhibitors of Heart formation”
C. crescent & cerberus [Genes & Molecules Involved]
33
Genes involved in upregulating NKX-2.5
D. BMP-2 + BMP-4 + inhibiting WNT-3a & WNT-8 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
34
Important for expression of Cardiac-Specific Proteins
E. FGF-8 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
35
Commits cells to becoming CAUDAL parts of HEART TUBE
G. exposure to HIGH concentration of Retinoic Acid [Genes & Molecules Involved]
36
Commits cells to becoming CRANIAL parts of HEART TUBE
F. exposure to LOW concentration of Retinoic Acid [Genes & Molecules Involved]
37
Plays important role in SEPTATION of forming heart
H. TBX-5 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
38
Considered “lefty genes” why heart tube loops towards the dorsocranially & to the left and why heart’s apex protrudes towards the left precordium
I. nodal + Lefty-2 + PITX-2 (master gene for LEFT-SIDED organs) [Genes & Molecules Involved]
39
Master gene for Left Ventricle formation
K. HAND-1 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
40
Master gene for Right Ventricle formation [Genetic/Molecular Regulatory Role]
J. HAND-2 [Genes & Molecules Involved]
41
Right Umbilical Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
A. Degenerate [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
42
Lower half of Right Anterior Cardinal Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
B. Superior Vena Cava [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
43
Posterior Cardinal Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
C. Inferior Vena Cava [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
44
Left Sinus Horn [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
D. Coronary Sinus & Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
45
Sinus venosus + Right Sinus Horn [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
E. Wall of Right Atrium [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
46
Left Umbilical Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
F. Will obliterate into Ligamentum Teres Hepatis [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
47
Upper half of Right Vitelline Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
G. Portal Vein [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
48
Lower half of Right Vitelline Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
H. Superior Mesenteric Vein [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
49
Connecting Vein between Right Vitelline Vein & Left Umbilical Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
I. Ductus Venosus [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
50
Connecting Vein between 2 Anterior Cardinal Veins [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
J. Left Brachiocephalic Vein [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
51
Upper half of Right Anterior Cardinal Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
K. Right Brachiocephalic Vein [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
52
Left Vitelline Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
A. Degenerate [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
53
Left Anterior Cardinal Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
A. Degenerate [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
54
Left Posterior Cardinal Vein [SINUS VENOSUS & its tributaries]
L. Left Testicular Vein (needs more citation) [FATE & Fetal/Adult Derivatives]
55
Foramen Ovale [FETAL PARTS]
D. Fossa Ovalis
56
Ductus Arteriosus [FETAL PARTS]
C. Ligamentum Arteriosum
57
Ductus Venosus [FETAL PARTS]
A. Ligamentum Venosum
58
Left Umbilical Vein [FETAL PARTS]
B. Ligamentum Teres Hepatis or “round ligament”
59
Proximal segments of Right & Left Umbilical Arteries [FETAL PARTS]
F. Right & Left Superior Vesical (Urinary Bladder) Arteries
60
Distal segments of Right & Left Umbilical Arteries [FETAL PARTS]
E. Right & Left Medial Umbilical Folds
61
Cranial halves of Right & Left Venous Valves [VALVES OF FORMING RIGHT ATRIUM]
A. Will fuse to form “Septum Spurium” [DERIVATIVES]
62
“Septum Spurium” + Caudal half of Left Venous Valve [VALVES OF FORMING RIGHT ATRIUM]
B. Blend with “Septum Secundum” of Interatrial Septum [DERIVATIVES]
63
Superior portion of Caudal half of Right Venous Valve [VALVES OF FORMING RIGHT ATRIUM]
C. Valve of Inferior Vena Cava (called EUSTACHIAN VALVE) [DERIVATIVES]
64
Inferior portion of Caudal half of Right Venous Valve [VALVES OF FORMING RIGHT ATRIUM]
D. Valve of Coronary Sinus (called THEBESIAN VALVE) [DERIVATIVES]
65
Most Common type [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
B. Ostium Secundum Defect [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
66
Second Most Common type [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
C. Atrioventricular Defect [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
67
Least Common [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
A. Ostium Primum Defect [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
68
Not considered as ASD [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
D. Probe Patency of the Foramen Ovale [TYPES OF Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)]
69
Most Common type [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
B. Membranous type [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
70
Second Most Common type [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
C. infracristal-type [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
71
Third Common [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
D. supracristal-type [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
72
Least Common [Incidence Rate] [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
A. Muscular type [TYPES OF Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]
73
MEMORIZE!
``` (Most Common to Least Common) VSD Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of Great Vessels Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ASD Patent Ductus Arteriosus Coarctation of Aorta Endocardial Cushion Defect of “G” Syndrome ```
74
Initial “pacemaker”
A. caudal part of the left HEART TUBE [Fetal-to-Adult Conducting System of the Heart]
75
Second “pacemaker”
B. Sinus Venosus [Fetal-to-Adult Conducting System of the Heart]
76
Adult “pacemaker”
C. Right atrium’s epicardium near Superior Vena Cava’s & Sinus Venosus’ sites of incorporation [Fetal-to-Adult Conducting System of the Heart]
77
The “pacemaker”
S.A. node [Fetal-to-Adult Conducting System of the Heart]
78
The “gatekeeper”
E. A.V. node on the posterior base of interatrial septum [Fetal-to-Adult Conducting System of the Heart]
79
First aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
A. Maxillary artery
80
Second aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
C. Stapedial artery & Hyoidal artery
81
Third aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
F. Common Carotid artery & proximal internal carotid artery
82
Fourth aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
B. Proximal third of Subclavian artery
83
Fifth aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
E. Degenerates or never forms
84
Sixth aortic arch, Right [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
D. Pulmonary artery/trunk
85
First aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
A. Maxillary artery
86
Second aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
C. Stapedial artery & Hyoidal artery
87
Third aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
F. Common Carotid artery & proximal internal carotid artery
88
Fourth aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
B. distal arch of aorta
89
Fifth aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
E. Degenerates or never forms
90
Sixth aortic arch, Left [what is the adult derivative of this aortic arch?]
D. Ductus arteriosus
91
Right 7th Intersegmental artery [what is the adult derivative?]
A. Right Distal third of Subclavian artery
92
Left 7th Intersegmental artery [what is the adult derivative?]
B. the whole Left Subclavian artery
93
Right Horn of Aortic Sac [what is the adult derivative?]
A. Brachiocephalic trunk
94
Left Horn of Aortic Sac [what is the adult derivative?]
B. proximal arch of aorta
95
Main supply to Yolk Sac [what's the derivative?]
C. vitelline arteries
96
Main supply to foregut derivatives [what's the derivative?]
F. celiac artery
97
Main supply to midgut derivatives [what's the derivative?]
D. superior mesenteric artery
98
Main supply to hindgut derivatives [what's the derivative?]
E. inferior mesenteric artery
99
Fates of Umbilical arteries, Proximal segments [what's the derivative?]
B. internal iliac arteries & superior vesical arteries
100
Fates of Umbilical arteries, Distal segments [what's the derivative?]
A. medial umbilical ligaments
101
Sacrocardinal veins [what is the adult derivatives of the ff Embryonic Tributaries of Posterior Cardinal Veins]
C. common iliac veins
102
Subcardinal veins [what is the adult derivatives of the ff Embryonic Tributaries of Posterior Cardinal Veins]
B. renal veins
103
Supracardinal veins [what is the adult derivatives of the ff Embryonic Tributaries of Posterior Cardinal Veins]
A. intercostal veins of ribs; azygos; & hemiazygos veins
104
Master gene for vascular system formation [Regulatory Functions]
A. vegf (Vascular Endothelial Growth factor) [VASCULAR GENES]
105
Down regulates vegf but up regulates lymphatic vessels formation [Regulatory Functions]
B. PROX-1 [VASCULAR GENES]
106
These proteins causes PROX-1 endothelial cells to sprout from existing VEINS to initiate growth of lymphatic vessels [Regulatory Functions]
C. VEGF-R3 + VEGFC [VASCULAR GENES]

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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