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ANATOMY > 08-01 URI Gx Urinary System and Retroperitoneal Organs > Flashcards

08-01 URI Gx Urinary System and Retroperitoneal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

CAVITIES of Retroperitoneum

A
  • Dorsal (posterior): cranial, spinal

- Ventral (anterior): thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavity. (abdominopelvic cavity [in females])

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2
Q

enclosed by peritoneum; within the peritoneal cavity

A

Intraperitoneal

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3
Q

covered by peritoneum ANTERIORLY

A

retroperitoneal

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4
Q

anatomical space behind the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneum

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5
Q

subdivisions of the retroperitoneum (based on kidneys)

A
  1. Anterior Pararenal Space (APS)
  2. Perirenal Space (PS)
  3. Posterior Pararenal Space (PPS)
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6
Q

Borders of Anterior Pararenal Space

A
  • Parietal peritoneum (anteriorly)

- Anterior portion of renal fascia (posteriorly)

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7
Q

Contents of Anterior Pararenal Space

A
  • Pancreas
  • Colon
  • Duodenum

(mnemonic: Pussy Cat Dolls)

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8
Q

Borders of Perirenal Space

A

Anterior and Posterior portion of the renal fascia

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9
Q

Contents of Perirenal Space

A
  • Kidneys
  • Renal vessels
  • Ureter
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10
Q

Borders of Posterior Pararenal Space

A
  • posterior portion of renal fascia (anteriorly)

- posterior abdominal wall muscles (posteriorly)

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11
Q

Contents of Posterior Pararenal Space

A

-fat

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12
Q

Potential Spaces in the Retroperitoneum

A 
Retromesenteric Space (RMP)
Retrorenal Space (RRS)
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13
Q

potential space between APS and PS

A

Retromesenteric Space (RMP)

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14
Q

potential space between PS and PPS

A

Retrorenal Space (RRS)

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15
Q

PERITONEAL ORGANS

A

(mnemonic: SAD PUCKER)

Suprarenal gland
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (descending and horizontal portion)
Pancreas (head, neck and body)
Ureter
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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16
Q

SECONDARY REROPERITONEAL ORGANS

A
  • Pancreas
  • Colon
  • Duodenum

(mnemonic: Pussy Cat Dolls)

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17
Q

Muscles of Posterior Abdominal Wall

A
  • Psoas Major
  • Psoas Minor
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Iliacus
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18
Q

origin of psoas minor

A

T12-L1

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19
Q

insertion of psoas minor

A

pectineal line;

ilipubic eminence

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20
Q

innervation of psoas minor

A

anterior rami of L1

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21
Q

main action of psoas minor

A

weak flexion of lumbar vertebra

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22
Q

3 largest branches of the lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve,
obturator nerve,
lumbosacral trunk

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23
Q

composed of T12 (subcostal nerve) and L1-L5 (ventral rami)

A

Lumbar Plexus

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24
Q

(lumbar plexus) arises from L2-L4

A

femoral nerve and

obturator nerve

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25
Q

(lumbar plexus) arises from L5

A

lumbosacral trunk

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26
Q

(lumbar plexus) arises from T12 & L1

A

iliohypogastric adn ilioinguinal

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27
Q

(lumbar plexus) arises from T12, L1, L2

A

genitofemoral nerve

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28
Q

(lumbar plexus) arises from L2, L3

A

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of thigh/ Lateral Femoral Nerve

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29
Q

the only ones from the posterior division are ___; the rest is from the anterior division

A

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of thigh/ Lateral Femoral Nerve

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30
Q

innervations. iliohypogastric. sensory:

A

skin above the inguinal ligament

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31
Q

innervations. iliohypogastric. motor:

A

transverse abdominis;
internal oblique

(similar with ilioinguinal)

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32
Q

innervations. ilioinguinal. sensory:

A

skin over the pubic symphysis;

lateral aspect of the scrotum and labia majora

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33
Q

innervations. ilioinguinal. motor:

A

transverse abdominis;
internal oblique

(similar with iliohypogastric)

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34
Q

innervations. genitofemoral. sensory:

A

in males: spermatic cord
in females: inguinal canal

skin below the inguinal ligament

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35
Q

innervations. genitofemoral. motor:

A

cremasteric muscle in males

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36
Q

innervations. obturator.sensory:

A

medial and distal portion of the thigh

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37
Q

innervations. obturator. motor:

A

pectineus;
obturator externus;
gracilis;
adductors (magnus, longus, and brevis)

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38
Q

innervations. lateral cutaneous. sensory:

A

lateral portion of the thigh

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39
Q

innervations. lateral cutaneous. motor:

A

n/a

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40
Q

innervations. femoral. sensory:

A

anterior portion of the thigh;
posterior lower leg;
hindfoot

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41
Q

innervations. femoral. motor:

A

pectineus,
iliopsoas,
sartorius,
quadriceps femoris

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42
Q

covers the kidney and the adrenal gland

A

Gerota’s Fascia

aka perirenal/renal fascia

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43
Q

location of kidneys

A

at the level of T12-L3

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44
Q

external to the renal fascia is ____ aka _____, the extrapritoneal fat of the lumbar region

A

paranephric fat (aka pararenal fat body)

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45
Q

surrounds the kidney and their vessels

A

perinephric fat (perirenal fat)

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46
Q

Gerota’s Fascia will blend with the ____ superiorly and___ inferiorly (fat pad)

A

liver capsule ;

disappears

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47
Q

Gerota’s Fascia divides into 2:

A

Toldt’s Fascia - anterior portion; medial side, and

Zuckerland’s Fascia - posterior portion; lateral side

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48
Q

fascia that covers the IVC and the aorta

A

Toldt’s Fascia

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49
Q

fascia that will blend with the psoas muscle fascia and Toldt’s fasica to become Gerota’s fascia

A

Zuckerland’s Fascia

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50
Q

Gerota’s fascia will blend with the

A

transversalis fascia

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51
Q

which fat is inside the Gerota’s fascia?

A

perirenal fat

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52
Q

separates kidneys from the adrenal glands

A

renal capsule

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53
Q

entrance to renal sinus

A

renal hilum

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54
Q

where renal artery enters;

exit point of renal vein and ureter;

A

renal hilum

Note: RV more anterior to RA;
RA more anterior to RP
RV>RA>RP)

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55
Q

separates the kidney and the liver

A

hepatorenal recess

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56
Q

flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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57
Q

the ___ of the renal pelvis is continuous with the ureter

A

apex

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58
Q

renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 ___ which then divides into 2 or 3 ____

A

major calyces;

minor calyces

59
Q

apex of the renal pyramid which indent each minor calyx

A

renal pailla

60
Q

renal artery is arises from the ___ at the level of ___

A

abdominal aorta;

L1 and L2

61
Q

renal artery bifurcates as they enter the hilum

A

A) anterior division

  • superior (apical)
  • anterosuperior
  • anteroinferior
  • inferior (basal)

B) posterior division

62
Q

reference on how to resect the kidney, bloodless, from superior to inferior pole, 1-2cm from convexity of kidney

A

Brodel’s line

63
Q

renal artery will branch into

A

suprarenal artery

64
Q

longer. right or left renal artery

A

right

65
Q

higher. right or left renal artery

A

left

66
Q

crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein

A

left artery

67
Q

clin corr: blocked RA, high BP

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

68
Q

clin corr: SMA and aorta aneurysm compresses the 3rd part of duodenum = abdominal pain = refuse eating

A

Food Fear Syndrome

69
Q

longer. right or left renal vein?

A

left

70
Q

both renal veins drains to

A

directly to the IVC

71
Q

left renal vein receives blood from:

A
  • left inferior phrenic vein,
  • left suprarenal vein,
  • left gonadal vein (M: left testicular vein, or F: left ovarian vein,
  • left 2nd lumbar vein
72
Q

clin corr: SMA and aorta aneurysm will compress left renal vein. this will manifest as left testicular pain (in males) or left abdominal pain (in females)

A

Nutcracker Syndrome

73
Q

ANS innervation of the kidneys

A
  • celiac ganglion
  • lowet splanchnic neve
  • aorticorenal ganglion
  • aortic plexus
74
Q

clin corr: stones

A

Nephrolithiasis (Staghorn Calculi)

75
Q

clin corr: tube is blocked by urine; distention and dilation of renal pelvis and calyx

A

hydronephrosis

76
Q

clin corr: infection of kidney

A

pyelonephritis

77
Q

crosses over pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

A

ureter

78
Q

fusion of major calyces;
extends inferiorly and medially;
anterior to psoas major;
penetrate the posterior urinary bladder

A

ureter

79
Q

divisions of ureter & blood supply

A

1) superior - renal artery
2) middle - superior vesical artery
3) inferior - inferior vesical artery

80
Q

3 common constrictions which are common sites for stone lodging

A
  1. at the kidney hilum
  2. as it crosses the pelvic brim
  3. as it enters the bladder
81
Q

innervation of ureter

A
  • from ANS
  • T10-T12, L1, S2-S4
  • derived fom superior/inferior hypogastric plexus, renal and aorta
82
Q

lymphatics of ureter

A

superior: goes to the kidneys or lumbar nodes
middle: goes to common iliac
inferior: goes to common, internal and external

83
Q

clin corr: uterine artery over the ureter

A

“water under the bridge”

84
Q

stones in the ureter

A

ureterolithiasis

85
Q

location of adrenal (suprarenal) glands

A

at the anterosuperior pole of the kidneys

86
Q

adrenal gland is surrounded by

A

periphrenic fat and renal fascia

87
Q

2 regions of adrenal gland

A

cortex (autonomic and endocrine), and

medulla

88
Q

shape of adrenal glands

A

right - pyramidal

left - semilunar

89
Q

major attachment of the adrenal glands

A

diaphragmatic crura (NOT kidneys)

90
Q

borders of right adrenal gland

A

posterior: IVC and right lobe of the liver

anterior:
to the diaphragm,
superior pole of the kidney

medial:
right celiac ganglion, and
right inferior phrenic artery

91
Q

borders of the left adrenal gland

A

posterior:

  • stomach
  • spleen
  • pancreas
  • splenic artery

medial:

  • left celiac ganglion
  • left inferior phrenic
  • gastric artery
92
Q

part of the adrenal gland that is derived from mesoderm and secretes corticosteroids and androgens

A

suprarenal cortex

93
Q

part of the adrenal gland that is derived from the neural crest cells and is a mass of nervous tissue permeated with capillaries and sinusoids

A

suprarenal medulla

94
Q

blood supply of adrenal glands

A

1) superior adrenal artery - from left and right inferior phrenic artery
2) middle adrenal artery - from abdominal aorta
3) inferior adrenal artery - from renal artery

95
Q

venous drainage of adrenal glands

A

right - drains directy to IVC

left - drains to left renal vein

96
Q

clin corr: tumor of adrenal medulla will elicit epinephrine, epinephrine = hypertension

A

Pheochromocytoma

97
Q

in males, the only structure that passes between the ureter and the peritoneum is the

A

ductus deferens

98
Q

most constant arteries supplying the terminal parts of the ureter in females

A

uterine arteries

99
Q

most constant arteries supplying the terminal parts of the ureter in males

A

inferior vesical arteries

100
Q

bladder not attached to the pelvic bone. has a space known as

A

RETZUS SPACE

101
Q

boundaries of urinary bladder in male

A
  • anterior: pubic symphisis
  • superior: organs
  • posterior: rectum
  • inferior: prostate
102
Q

boundaries of urinary bladder in female

A
  • anterior: pubic symphisis
  • superior: uterus
  • posterior: rectum
  • inferior: vaginal canal
103
Q

apex of the bladder points toward the ___ when bladder is empty

A

superior edge of pubic symphisis

104
Q

walls of bladder are composed chiefly of the

A

detrusor muscle

105
Q

located at the angels of the trigone of the bladder

A

ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice

106
Q

normal capacity of the bladder

A

400-600mL

107
Q

bladder is a 3 sided pyramid.

A

apex - median umbilical ligament (urachus)

base - trigone (2 urethral opening), fundus

108
Q

surfaces of the bladder

A

a) superior surface - covered by peritoneum (subperitoneal)

b) inferolateral surface (2) - with medial umbilical lifament (the obliterated umbilical artery)

109
Q

most inferior part of the blader;

secured by pubovesical ligament (in females) and puboprostatic ligament (in males)

A

neck

110
Q

sympathetic innervation during micturition

A

relax detrusor muscle; sphincter contracts

111
Q

parasympathetic innervation during micturition

A

contracts bladder; sphincter relaxes

112
Q

main arteries supplying the bladder are branches of

A

internal iliac artery

113
Q

arterial blood supply of the bladder

A
  • superior vesical arteries (anterosuperior parts)
  • inferior vesical arteries (fundus and neck of bladder)
  • vaginal arteries (postero-inferior parts of bladder)
114
Q

venous drainage of bladder - tributaries of

A

internal iliac vein

115
Q

venous drainage of bladder (male)

A
  • vesical venous plexus
  • prostatic venous plexus
  • inferior vesical plexus
  • internal vertebral plexus
116
Q

venous drainage of bladder (female)

A

-uterovaginal plexus

117
Q

lymphatic drainage of bladder

A

superior: external iliac lymph node
fundus: internal iliac lymph node
neeck: sacral lymph node, common iliac lymph node

118
Q

clin corr: urinary bladder stone

A

cystolithiases

119
Q

clin corr: weak bladder support wall = uterus herniate in bladder

A

cystocele

120
Q

length of male urethra

A

18-20 cm long

121
Q

segments of male urethra

A

preprostatic, prostatic, spongy, penile

122
Q

arterial supply of male urethra

A
  • inferior vesical artery
  • middle rectal artery
  • internal pudental artery
123
Q

venous drainage of male urethra

A
  • prostatic venous plexus (proximal)

- deep dorsal vein of penis (distal)

124
Q

lymphatic drainage of male urethra

A
  • external and internal iliac lymph nodes

- deep inguinal lymph nodes

125
Q

innervations of male urethra

A

-prostatic nerve plexus (arising as organ-specific extension of inferior hypogastric nerve

126
Q

length of female urethra

A

3-4 cm

127
Q

paraurethral glands found on each side of the urethra; these glands have common para-urethral duct which opens near the external urethral sphincter; prostate homologue

A

Skene’s gland

128
Q

arterial supply of female urethra

A

vaginal artery and

internal pudental artery

129
Q

venous drainage of female urethra

A

vaginal vein and

internal pudental vein

130
Q

lymphatic drainage of female urethra

A
  • internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

- deep inguinal lymph nodes

131
Q

innervations of female urethra

A
  • vesical nerve plexus

- pudental nerve

132
Q

clin corr related to urethra

A

1) benign (nodular) prostatic hyperplasia

2) lower UTI

133
Q

Which of the following subdivisions of the retroperitoneum contains variable amount of fat?
A. Anterior pararenal space B. Posterior pararenal space
C. Perirenal space
D. None of the above

A

B. Posterior pararenal space

134
Q

forms the posterior border of the perirenal space

A

Zuckerkandl’s fascia

135
Q

innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A

iliacus

136
Q

nerve of the lumbar plexus is found within the spermatic cord

A

Genital branch of Genitofemoral

137
Q

Motor innervation of the cremasteric muscle comes from which nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

Genital branch of Genitofemoral

138
Q

provide sensory innervation below the inguinal ligament

A

Femoral branch of Genitofemoral

139
Q

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is formed by which lumbar ventral of rami

A

L2 and L3

140
Q

largest nerve of the lumbar plexus comes from the ventral of rami of:

A

L2 – L4

largest nerve is femoral nerve

141
Q

Which of the divisions of the male urethra prevents retrograde flow into the bladder during ejaculation?

A

Pre-prostatic

142
Q

Is crossed anteriorly by the superior

mesenteric artery

A

left renal vein

143
Q

Adrenal medulla synthesizes

A

adrenalin

144
Q 
Behind the kidney:
A. Diaphragm
B. Subcostal nerve
C. Quadratus lumborum 
D. Twelfth rib
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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