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ANATOMY > 07-04 GIT Gx Large Intestine (Colon) and Anurectum (Colorectal & Anus) > Flashcards

07-04 GIT Gx Large Intestine (Colon) and Anurectum (Colorectal & Anus) Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply of LARGE INTESTINE is from two sources:

A

1) the superior mesenteric artery
through the middle, right, and ileocolic branches, and

2) the inferior mesenteric artery
through the left colic, sigmoid, and superior hemorrhoidal branches.

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2
Q

The right colon is related posteriorly to

A

right

ureter, gonadal vessels, duodenum, and kidney


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3
Q

also called ‘meandering mesenteric artery’

A

Arc of Riolan

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4
Q

MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO ISCHEMIA IN CLOSED-LOOP LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION (LBO) because of the direct relationship between wall tension and radius as defined by Laplace’s law:
T ≈ PR
Where T is wall tension, P is pressure, and R is radius

A

Cecum

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5
Q

separates canal from margin

A

DENTATE LINE

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6
Q

lies superior to dentate line

A

anal canal

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7
Q

inferior to dentate line

A

anal margin

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8
Q

“surgical” anal canal extends from anal verge up to the …

A

anorectal ring

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9
Q

innervation above dentate line

A

autonomic

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10
Q

innervation below dentate line

A

somatic

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11
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

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12
Q

appendix etymology

A

veriform appencix; Latin vermis, wormilike

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13
Q

arterial supply of the cecum

A

“ileocolic artery”, the terminal branch of SMA

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14
Q

arterial supply of the appendix

A

“appendicular artery”, a branch of the ileocolic artery

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15
Q

venous drainage of cecum and appendix

A

“ileocolic vein”, a tributary of the SMV

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16
Q

lymph drainage of the cecum and appendix

A

passes to lymph nodes in the meso-appendix and to the ileocolic lymph nodes that lie along the ileocolic artery. efferent vessels pass to the SUPERIOR MESENTERY LYMPH NODES

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17
Q

nerve supply to the cecum and appendix

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS

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18
Q

parasympathetic nerve fibers of cecum and appendix

A

vagus nerves

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19
Q

4 parts of the colon

A

ascending,
transverse,
dedscending
sigmoid

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20
Q

second part of the large intestine

A

ascending colon

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21
Q

ascending colon turns left at the …

A

right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

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22
Q

arterial supply of the ascending colon

A

(branches of the SMA)

ILEOCOLIC and RIGHT COLIC arteries

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23
Q

venous drainage from the ascending colon

A

(tributaries of the SMV)

ILEOCOLIC and RIGHT COLIC veins

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24
Q

lymphatic drainage of the ascending colon

A

EPICOLIC and PARACOLIC LYMPH NODES -> ILEOCOLIC and intermediate RIGHT COLIC LYMPH NODES -> SUPERIOR MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES

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25
Q

nerve supply of ascending colon

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS

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26
Q

3rd, longest, and most mobile part of the large intestine

A

transverse colon

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27
Q

crosses from the right colic flexure to the left colic flexure

A

transverse colon

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28
Q

usually more superior, more acute, and less mobile. right or left colic flexure

A

left

29
Q

left colic flexure attaches to the diaphragm through the….

A

phrenicocolic ligament

30
Q

arterial supply of the transverse colon mainly from

A

MIDDLE COLIC ARTERY, a branch of SMA.

However, it may also receive arterial blood from the right and left colic arteries via anastomoses —- marginal artery (juxtacolic artery)

31
Q

a series of anastomotic arcades that is continued by the left colic and sigmoid arteries to form a continuous arterial channel.

A

marginal artery (juxtacolic artery)

32
Q

venous drainage of the transverse colon

A

SMV

33
Q

lymphatic drainage of the transverse colon

A

middle colic lymph nodes -> superior mesenteric lymph nodes

34
Q

nerve supply of the transverse colon

A

superior mesenteric nerve plexus

35
Q

S-shaped loop of variable length; links the descending colon to the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

36
Q

sigmoid colon extends from the iliac fossa to the

A

third sacral (S3) vertebra

37
Q

termination of the teniae coli, app. 15 cm from the anus, indicates the…

A

rectosigmoid junction

38
Q

sacculations or pouches of the colon between the teniae

A

haustra

39
Q

can be identified when 3 taenia coli join proximally

A

appendix

40
Q

location of ascending and descending colon

A

retroperitoneal

41
Q

true or false: transverse colon’s splenic flexure is directly or indirectly supplied by branches of SMA

A

false.

42
Q

most common position of appendix

A

retrocecal

43
Q

most common site of colonic rupture

A

cecum

44
Q

arterial supply of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

LEFT COLIC and SIGMOID ARTERIES

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

45
Q

venous drainage of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN -> splenic vein -> hepatic portal vein

46
Q

lymphatic drainage of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

EPICOLIC and PARACOLIC NODES -> INTERMEDIATE COLIC LYMPH NODES

lymph from these nodes passes to the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.

lymph from the left colic flexure may also drain to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

47
Q

sympathetic nerve supply of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

via lumbar (abdominopelvic) splanchnic nerves,
the superior mesenteric plexus, and the,
peri-arterial plexuses

48
Q

parasympathetic nerve supply of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves via the inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexuses

49
Q

the fixed, terminal part of the large intestine

A

rectum

50
Q

continuous with the sigmoid colon at the

A

level of S3 vertebra

51
Q

rectum is continuous inferiorly with the

A

anal canal

52
Q

the RECTOSIGMOID JUNCTION lies anterior to the

A

S3 vertebra.

53
Q

at level of S3 vertebra, the teniae coli of the sigmoid colon sprea to form a continuous outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, and the faty omental appendices are

A

discontinued

54
Q

rectum etymology

A

Latin. “rectus”, straight.

55
Q

rectum follows the curve of the sacrum and coccyx forming the

A

sacral flexure of the rectum

56
Q

dilated terminal part of the rectum, lying directly superior to and supported by the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani) and anococcygeal ligament

A

ampulla of the rectum

57
Q

peritoneum covers the anterior and lateral surfaces of the superior third of the rectum, only the anterior surface of the middle third, and _____ of the inferior third because it is subperitoneal

A

no surface

58
Q

blood supply of the proximal part of the rectum

A

“superior rectal artery”,

continuation of the abdominal inferior mesenteric artery

59
Q

blood supply of the middle and inferior parts of the rectum

A

“right and left middle rectal arteries”,

anterior division of the internal iliac arteries

60
Q

blood supply of the anorectal junction and anal canal

A

“inferior rectal arteries”,

arising from the internal pudental arteries

61
Q

venous drainage of the rectum

A

superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins.

superior rectal veins drains into the portal venous system

middle and inferior rectal veins drain into the systemic system.

anastomoses occur between the portal and systemic veins in the wall of the anal canal.

62
Q

sympathetic nerve supply of the rectum

A

via lumbar splanchnic nerves and the

hypogastric/pelvic plexuses

63
Q

parasympathetic nerve supply of the rectum

A

via the pelvic splanchnic nerves and the

left and right inferior hypogastric plexuses to the rectal (pelvic) plexuses

64
Q

The lymphatic drainage of the anorectal region below the dentate line is through the

A

inguinal lymph nodes

65
Q

involuntary control

[internal or external sphincter?]

A

internal anal sphincter

66
Q

voluntary control

[internal or external sphincter?]

A

external anal sphincter

67
Q

sooth muscle

[internal or external sphincter?]

A

internal anal sphincter

68
Q

skeletal muscle

[internal or external sphincter?]

A

external anal sphincter

69
Q

includes the puborectalis

[internal or external sphincter?]

A

external anal sphincter

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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