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ANATOMY > 07-01/02 GIT Gx Esophagus & Stomach > Flashcards

07-01/02 GIT Gx Esophagus & Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply of CERVICAL esophagus

A

inferior thyroid artery

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2
Q

blood supply of THORACIC esophagus

A

bronchial & esophageal branches of thoracic aorta

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3
Q

blood supply of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A

esophageal branches of left gastric artery

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4
Q

venous drainage of CERVICAL esophagus

A

esophageal veins

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5
Q

venous drainage of THORACIC esophagus

A
  • submucous plexus,
    periesophageal venous plexus from which esophageal veins arise, and
  • azygos veins, hemiazygous veins, intercostal & bronchial veins
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6
Q

venous drainage of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A
  • plexuses to the left gastric & upper short gastric veins
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7
Q

innervation of CERVICAL esophagus

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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8
Q

innervation of THORACIC esophagus

A
  • esophageal plexus,
  • vagus nerve, and
  • Afferent visceral pain fibres travel via sympathetic fibers via the 1st 4 segments of the thoracic spinal cord
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9
Q

innervation of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A

esophageal plexus formed by vagal trunks & thoracic sympathetic trunks

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10
Q

lymphatic drainage of CERVICAL esophagus

A

submucosal lymphatic system
(retripharyngeal,
paratracheal, or
deep cervival lymph nodes)

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11
Q

lymphatic drainage of THORACIC esophagus

A

submucosal lymphatic system that drain to the

posterior mediastinal nodes

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12
Q

lymphatic drainage of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A
  • left gastric lymph nodes, and

- left and right oaracardial lymph nodes

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13
Q

This ligament is important to maintain the function of the esophagus apart from the function of the diaphragm.

A

“Phreno-esophageal ligament”

-this attaches the esophagus to the margins of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

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14
Q

Palpating the vagus nerve anterior to the esophagus at the abdominal area would mean that this structure is the

A

Left vagus nerve of the cervical esophagus

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15
Q

constrictions of the esophagus

15 cm from the incisors: cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter)

A

cervical constriction (upper esophageal sphincter)

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16
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

  1. 5 cm from the incisors: arch of the aorta
  2. 5 cm from the incisors: left main bronchus
A

thoracic (broncho-aortic) constriction

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17
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

40 cm from incisors: diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)

A

diaphragmatic constriction

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18
Q

constrictions of the esophagus

15 cm from the incisors:

A

cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter)

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19
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

22.5 cm from the incisors

A

arch of the aorta

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20
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

27.5 cm from the incisors:

A

left main bronchus

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21
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

40 cm from incisors:

A

diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)

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22
Q

Palpating the vagus nerve anterior to the esophagus at the abdominal area would mean that this structure is the:

A

Left vagus nerve of the cervical esophagus

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23
Q

esophagus: length of muscular tube & average diameter

A

app. 25 cm long / 10 in long

ave. 2cm diameter

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24
Q

trachea-esophageal groove

A

landmark to locate the recurrent laryngeal nerve

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25
removal of the thyroid gland
thyroidectomy
26
In gastric carcinoma, performing a D2 lymph node dissection would entail removing which lymphatic basin around the stomach?
Lymphatic basin around the splenic arteries
27
length of ebdominal part of esophagus
1.25 cm
28
separates left border of abdominal part of esophagus & fundus of the stomach
cardial notch
29
4 normal constrictions of the esophagus
- junction of the esophagus with the pharynx/cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter) - arch of the aorta - left main bronchus - diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)/esophageal hiatus
30
esophagus terminates at the level of
T11 vertebra / 7th left costal cartilage
31
esophageal hiatus at the level of
T10 vertebra
32
jagged line where the mucosa abruptly changes from esophageal to gastric mucosa as the junction
Z-line
33
____ converts a mass of food into a semiliquid mixture called.. __
gastric juice; | chyme (G. juice)
34
stomach is situated in the...
upper abdomen in the left hypochodriac, epigastric and umbilical areas
35
opening from the esophagus into the stomach; approximately 40 cm from the incisor teeth
cardiac orifice
36
- dome shaped and projects above and to the left of the cardiac orifice - lies in contact with the left dome of the diaphragm
Fundus
37
- fundus to the incisura angularis (constant external notch at lesser curvature) - lower boundary is a line drawn from the incisura angularis to an indentation in the greater curvature
Body
38
from the boundary of the body to the sulcus intermedium where the sulcus narrows to become the pyloric canal (1-2cm)
Pyloric Antrum
39
opening from the stomach into the duodenum
Pyloric Orifice
40
a muscular ring formed by a marked thickening of the circular gastric muscle interlaced with some longitudinal muscles
pyloric sphincter
41
Anterior Relations of the stomach
diaphragm, left lobe of the liver and anterior abdominal wall
42
Posterior Relations of the stomach
omental bursa and pancreas
43
Inferior (and lateral) Relations of the stomach
transverse colon
44
-attached to lesser curvature; contains the right and left gastric vesses
lesser omentum | two layers of the lesser momentum extend around the stomach and leave its greater curvature as the greater omentum
45
the stomach is covered with
visceral peritoneum
46
extends between the cardiac and pyloric orifices and forms the medial border of the stomach
Lesser curvature
47
starts from the cardiac incisura and goes medially into the pylorus
Greater curvature
48
length of Greater curvature
four to five times longer than the lesser curvature
49
transition between the esophagus and stomach which is important for histologic and endoscopic purposes; composed of squamous and columnar cells in a zig- zag pattern
Gastro-esophageal junction
50
blood supply of stomach along the lesser curvature
right and left gastric arteries
51
the arterial supply to the stomach comes predominately from the
celiac axis
52
Left gastric artery origin
directly from celiac axis
53
origin of short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic arteries
splenic artery
54
another name for "gastroephiploic"
gastro-omental
55
largest branch of the splenic artery
left gastroepiploic arteries
56
origin of right gastric artery and the gastroduodenal artery
hepatic artery
57
origin of right gastroepiploic artery
gastroduodenal artery
58
origin of celiac trunk
abdomina aorta
59
origin of left gastric and splenic arteries
celiac trunk
60
origin of hepatic arteries
celiac trunk
61
blood supply of stomach along the greater curvature
right and left gastro-omental (gastro epiploic) arteries
62
blood supply of fundus and upper body of the stomach
short and posterior gastric arteries
63
right and left gastric veins drain into the
hepatic portal vein
64
short gatric veins and left gastro-omental veins drain into the
splenic vein
65
right gastro-omental vein drains into
superior mesenteric vein (SMV
66
drains the gastric fundus and the upper part of the greater curvature
short gastric veins
67
drains both anterior and posterior surfaces of the body of the stomach and the greater omentum
left gastroepiploic vein
68
drains the distal body, antrum and greater omentum
right gastroepiploic vein
69
drains the upper body and fundus of the stomach
left gastric vein
70
receives lower esophageal veins
left gastric vein
71
runs along the medial end of the lesser curvature
right gastric vein
72
responsible for the coordinated RELAXATION of the pyloric sphincter during gastric emptying
parasympathetic innervation
73
motor function to the pylorus which brings about pyloric CONSTRICTION
sympathetic innervation
74
removal of the perigastric lymph nodes
D1 Lymphadenectomy
75
adds nodes along the left gastric, celiac and splenic arteries
D2 Lymphadenectomy
76
adds nodes along the hepatic portal and periaortic regions
D3 Lymphadenectomy
77
removal of entire stomach (rare)
total gastrectomy
78
removal of part of the stomach
partial gastrectomy
79
lateral to the fundus of the stomach
spleen
80
an external notch that indicates the junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach
angular incisure/ | incusura angularis
81
The incisura angularis is an external notch which is used as landmark for the distal boundary of the body of the stomach, where is it located?
Lesser curvature
82
structure that food bolus has to overcome as it enters the intestines:
Pyloric orifice
83
The left gastric artery anastomoses with which artery at the incisura angularis
Right gastric artery
84
anastomose with branches of the left gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries
Short gastric arteries
85
Transection of the splenic artery would compromise which artery
Short gastric artery & | left gastro-omental veins
86
In removal of the greater omentum (omentectomy), which vessel would you need to transect?
Epiploic branch of the gastroepiploic artery
87
removal of the greater omentum
omentectomy
88
In gastric filling with food, CLOSURE of the pyloric sphincter is a function of the:
Sympathetic innervation
89
Responsible for the RELAXATION of the pyloric sphincter
parasympathetic innervation
90
mainly supplies the fundus
short gastric arteries
91
landmark that helps identify the antrum
incisura angularis

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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