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ANATOMY > 07-01/02 GIT Gx Esophagus & Stomach > Flashcards

07-01/02 GIT Gx Esophagus & Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply of CERVICAL esophagus

A

inferior thyroid artery

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2
Q

blood supply of THORACIC esophagus

A

bronchial & esophageal branches of thoracic aorta

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3
Q

blood supply of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A

esophageal branches of left gastric artery

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4
Q

venous drainage of CERVICAL esophagus

A

esophageal veins

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5
Q

venous drainage of THORACIC esophagus

A
  • submucous plexus,
    periesophageal venous plexus from which esophageal veins arise, and
  • azygos veins, hemiazygous veins, intercostal & bronchial veins
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6
Q

venous drainage of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A
  • plexuses to the left gastric & upper short gastric veins
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7
Q

innervation of CERVICAL esophagus

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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8
Q

innervation of THORACIC esophagus

A
  • esophageal plexus,
  • vagus nerve, and
  • Afferent visceral pain fibres travel via sympathetic fibers via the 1st 4 segments of the thoracic spinal cord
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9
Q

innervation of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A

esophageal plexus formed by vagal trunks & thoracic sympathetic trunks

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10
Q

lymphatic drainage of CERVICAL esophagus

A

submucosal lymphatic system
(retripharyngeal,
paratracheal, or
deep cervival lymph nodes)

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11
Q

lymphatic drainage of THORACIC esophagus

A

submucosal lymphatic system that drain to the

posterior mediastinal nodes

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12
Q

lymphatic drainage of ABDOMINAL esophagus

A
  • left gastric lymph nodes, and

- left and right oaracardial lymph nodes

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13
Q

This ligament is important to maintain the function of the esophagus apart from the function of the diaphragm.

A

“Phreno-esophageal ligament”

-this attaches the esophagus to the margins of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

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14
Q

Palpating the vagus nerve anterior to the esophagus at the abdominal area would mean that this structure is the

A

Left vagus nerve of the cervical esophagus

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15
Q

constrictions of the esophagus

15 cm from the incisors: cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter)

A

cervical constriction (upper esophageal sphincter)

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16
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

  1. 5 cm from the incisors: arch of the aorta
  2. 5 cm from the incisors: left main bronchus
A

thoracic (broncho-aortic) constriction

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17
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

40 cm from incisors: diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)

A

diaphragmatic constriction

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18
Q

constrictions of the esophagus

15 cm from the incisors:

A

cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter)

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19
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

22.5 cm from the incisors

A

arch of the aorta

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20
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

27.5 cm from the incisors:

A

left main bronchus

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21
Q

constrictions of the esophagus:

40 cm from incisors:

A

diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)

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22
Q

Palpating the vagus nerve anterior to the esophagus at the abdominal area would mean that this structure is the:

A

Left vagus nerve of the cervical esophagus

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23
Q

esophagus: length of muscular tube & average diameter

A

app. 25 cm long / 10 in long

ave. 2cm diameter

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24
Q

trachea-esophageal groove

A

landmark to locate the recurrent laryngeal nerve

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25
Q

removal of the thyroid gland

A

thyroidectomy

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26
Q

In gastric carcinoma, performing a D2 lymph node dissection would entail removing which lymphatic basin around the stomach?

A

Lymphatic basin around the splenic arteries

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27
Q

length of ebdominal part of esophagus

A

1.25 cm

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28
Q

separates left border of abdominal part of esophagus & fundus of the stomach

A

cardial notch

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29
Q

4 normal constrictions of the esophagus

A
  • junction of the esophagus with the pharynx/cricopharyngeus muscle (upper esophageal sphincter)
  • arch of the aorta
  • left main bronchus
  • diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)/esophageal hiatus
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30
Q

esophagus terminates at the level of

A

T11 vertebra / 7th left costal cartilage

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31
Q

esophageal hiatus at the level of

A

T10 vertebra

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32
Q

jagged line where the mucosa abruptly changes from esophageal to gastric mucosa as the junction

A

Z-line

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33
Q

____ converts a mass of food into a semiliquid mixture called.. __

A

gastric juice;

chyme (G. juice)

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34
Q

stomach is situated in the…

A

upper abdomen in the left hypochodriac, epigastric and umbilical areas

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35
Q

opening from the esophagus into the stomach; approximately 40 cm from the incisor teeth

A

cardiac orifice

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36
Q
  • dome shaped and projects above and to the left of the cardiac orifice
  • lies in contact with the left dome of the diaphragm
A

Fundus

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37
Q
  • fundus to the incisura angularis (constant external notch at lesser curvature)
  • lower boundary is a line drawn from the incisura angularis to an indentation in the greater curvature
A

Body

38
Q

from the boundary of the body to the sulcus intermedium where the sulcus narrows to become the pyloric canal (1-2cm)

A

Pyloric Antrum

39
Q

opening from the stomach into the duodenum

A

Pyloric Orifice

40
Q

a muscular ring formed by a marked thickening of the circular gastric muscle interlaced with some longitudinal muscles

A

pyloric sphincter

41
Q

Anterior Relations of the stomach

A

diaphragm, left lobe of the liver and anterior abdominal wall

42
Q

Posterior Relations of the stomach

A

omental bursa and pancreas

43
Q

Inferior (and lateral) Relations of the stomach

A

transverse colon

44
Q

-attached to lesser curvature; contains the right and left gastric vesses

A

lesser omentum

two layers of the lesser momentum extend around the stomach and leave its greater curvature as the greater omentum

45
Q

the stomach is covered with

A

visceral peritoneum

46
Q

extends between the cardiac and pyloric orifices and forms the medial border of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature

47
Q

starts from the cardiac incisura and goes medially into the pylorus

A

Greater curvature

48
Q

length of Greater curvature

A

four to five times longer than the lesser curvature

49
Q

transition between the esophagus and stomach which is important for histologic and endoscopic purposes;

composed of squamous and columnar cells in a zig- zag pattern

A

Gastro-esophageal junction

50
Q

blood supply of stomach along the lesser curvature

A

right and left gastric arteries

51
Q

the arterial supply to the stomach comes predominately from the

A

celiac axis

52
Q

Left gastric artery origin

A

directly from celiac axis

53
Q

origin of short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic arteries

A

splenic artery

54
Q

another name for “gastroephiploic”

A

gastro-omental

55
Q

largest branch of the splenic artery

A

left gastroepiploic arteries

56
Q

origin of right gastric artery and the gastroduodenal artery

A

hepatic artery

57
Q

origin of right gastroepiploic artery

A

gastroduodenal artery

58
Q

origin of celiac trunk

A

abdomina aorta

59
Q

origin of left gastric and splenic arteries

A

celiac trunk

60
Q

origin of hepatic arteries

A

celiac trunk

61
Q

blood supply of stomach along the greater curvature

A

right and left gastro-omental (gastro epiploic) arteries

62
Q

blood supply of fundus and upper body of the stomach

A

short and posterior gastric arteries

63
Q

right and left gastric veins drain into the

A

hepatic portal vein

64
Q

short gatric veins and left gastro-omental veins drain into the

A

splenic vein

65
Q

right gastro-omental vein drains into

A

superior mesenteric vein (SMV

66
Q

drains the gastric fundus and the upper part of the greater curvature

A

short gastric veins

67
Q

drains both anterior and posterior surfaces of the body of the stomach and the greater omentum

A

left gastroepiploic vein

68
Q

drains the distal body, antrum and greater omentum

A

right gastroepiploic vein

69
Q

drains the upper body and fundus of the stomach

A

left gastric vein

70
Q

receives lower esophageal veins

A

left gastric vein

71
Q

runs along the medial end of the lesser curvature

A

right gastric vein

72
Q

responsible for the coordinated RELAXATION of the pyloric sphincter during gastric emptying

A

parasympathetic innervation

73
Q

motor function to the pylorus which brings about pyloric CONSTRICTION

A

sympathetic innervation

74
Q

removal of the perigastric lymph nodes

A

D1 Lymphadenectomy

75
Q

adds nodes along the left gastric, celiac and splenic arteries

A

D2 Lymphadenectomy

76
Q

adds nodes along the hepatic portal and periaortic regions

A

D3 Lymphadenectomy

77
Q

removal of entire stomach (rare)

A

total gastrectomy

78
Q

removal of part of the stomach

A

partial gastrectomy

79
Q

lateral to the fundus of the stomach

A

spleen

80
Q

an external notch that indicates the junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach

A

angular incisure/

incusura angularis

81
Q

The incisura angularis is an external notch which is used as landmark for the distal boundary of the body of the stomach, where is it located?

A

Lesser curvature

82
Q

structure that food bolus has to overcome as it enters the intestines:

A

Pyloric orifice

83
Q

The left gastric artery anastomoses with which artery at the incisura angularis

A

Right gastric artery

84
Q

anastomose with branches of the left gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries

A

Short gastric arteries

85
Q

Transection of the splenic artery would compromise which artery

A

Short gastric artery &

left gastro-omental veins

86
Q

In removal of the greater omentum (omentectomy), which vessel would you need to transect?

A

Epiploic branch of the gastroepiploic artery

87
Q

removal of the greater omentum

A

omentectomy

88
Q

In gastric filling with food, CLOSURE of the pyloric sphincter is a function of the:

A

Sympathetic innervation

89
Q

Responsible for the RELAXATION of the pyloric sphincter

A

parasympathetic innervation

90
Q

mainly supplies the fundus

A

short gastric arteries

91
Q

landmark that helps identify the antrum

A

incisura angularis

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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