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ANATOMY > 12th Evals 2018 - Eye & Ear - Embryo > Flashcards

12th Evals 2018 - Eye & Ear - Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

pars optica retinae/optic cup

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become 10 layers of retina

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2
Q

pars ceca retinae

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the iris

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3
Q

22 day-old “otic placode”

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the inner ear

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4
Q

optic stalk

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the optic nerve, optic chiasm, & optic tract

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5
Q

22 day-old “optic placode”

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the lens

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6
Q

pars ceca retinae

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the ciliary body

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7
Q

utricle

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the semicircular canals

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8
Q

saccule

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the cochlea

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9
Q

hyaloid artery & veins

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the central artery & central vein of retina

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10
Q

auricular hillocks

[ano ang FORESHADOWED ADULT STRUCTURES ng mga EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES na ‘to?

A

Will become the external ear called pinna

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11
Q

Innermost layer of Cornea & Substantia Propia (intermediate layer of Cornea)

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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12
Q

Extraocular muscles of the eyes (i.e. Superior Inferior, Lateral, Medial, Recti, Obliques)

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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13
Q

Vitreous humor & aqueous humor

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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14
Q

Sclera (colour white part of the eyeball)

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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15
Q

Choroid (layer of blood vessels for retina)

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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16
Q

Hyaloid blood vessels

A

CONDENSED MESODERM/MESENCHYME

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17
Q

Outermost layer of Cornea

A

SURFACE ECTODERM

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18
Q

Lens

A

SURFACE ECTODERM

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19
Q

Optic cup & optic stalk

A

NEUROECTODERM

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20
Q

Dilator & constrictor pupillae muscles of iris

A

MIGRATORY ECTODERM/NEURAL CREST CELLS

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21
Q

Tympanic membrane/ear drum

A

ECTODERM + MESODERM + ENDODERM

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22
Q

First Pharyngeal cleft

[FATE of this EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE]

A

external ear canal/auditory meatus

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23
Q

Second Pharyngeal cleft

[FATE of this EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE]

A

DEGENERATES

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24
Q

Third Pharyngeal cleft

[FATE of this EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE]

A

DEGENERATES

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25
Q

Fourth Pharyngeal cleft

[FATE of this EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE]

A

DEGENERATES

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26
Q

First Pharyngeal pouch

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Tympanic cavity & Eustachian tube

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27
Q

Second Pharyngeal pouch

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Palatine tonsils & Tonsillar fossa

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28
Q

Third Pharyngeal pouch, dorsal wing

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Parathyroid gland, inferior

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29
Q

Third Pharyngeal pouch, ventral wing

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Thymus

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30
Q

Fourth Pharyngeal pouch, dorsal wing

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Parathyroid gland, superior

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31
Q

Fourth Pharyngeal pouch, ventral wing

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Parafollicular cells/ “C” cells of Ultimobranchial body

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32
Q

“Foramen cecum”

[ADULT DERIVATIVE ng EMBRYONIC STRUCTURE NA ‘TO]

A

Thyroid gland

33
Q

Stapes + handle of malleus + long crus of incus are from 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

[anong THEORY etong MIDDLE EAR PARTS na ‘to]

A

Alternative Theory

34
Q

The whole Malleus + Incus are from 1st Pharyngeal Arch

[anong THEORY etong MIDDLE EAR PARTS na ‘to]

A

Traditional Theory

35
Q

Stapes is the only middle ear bone-derivative from 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

[anong THEORY etong MIDDLE EAR PARTS na ‘to]

A

Traditional Theory

36
Q

Red for them is dark

[DICHROMACY for this COMMON/REMARKABLE/UNIQUE Manifestatio]

A

PROTANOPIA

37
Q

Cannot discriminate green & red/same shade for red & green

[DICHROMACY for this COMMON/REMARKABLE/UNIQUE Manifestatio]

A

DEUTERANOPIA

38
Q

Everything is pink & red. Cannot appreciate nor discriminate blue & yellow. Cannot appreciate blue, yellow nor family/shades of blue

[DICHROMACY for this COMMON/REMARKABLE/UNIQUE Manifestatio]

A

TRITANOPIA

39
Q

Auricular Hillock # 1

[adult ear parts]

A

Tragus

40
Q

Auricular Hillock # 2

[adult ear parts]

A

Crus of Helix, concha (cymba and cavum)

41
Q

Auricular Hillock # 3

[adult ear parts]

A

Superior point of Helix, triangular fossa

42
Q

Auricular Hillock # 4

[adult ear parts]

A

Darwinian Tubercle

43
Q

Auricular Hillock #’s 4 & 5

[adult ear parts]

A

Anti-Helix, Superior & Inferior Crura of Antihelix, Scapha, Helix

44
Q

Auricular Hillock # 6

[adult ear parts]

A

Anti-tragus, Ear lobule

45
Q

stapes, styloid process, superior half of hyoid

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Reichert’s

46
Q

incus (accdg to TRADITIONAL THEORY)

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Meckel’s

47
Q

malleus (accdg to TRADITIONAL THEORY)

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Meckel’s

48
Q

“canal left by degenerated part of hyaloid vessels
& initially occupied by hyaloid artery during embryonic period “

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Cloquet’s

49
Q

mark/s left by initial attachment/s of hyaloid artery & vein on the back part of embryonic lens

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Mittendorf’s

50
Q

represents remnant of hyaloid arteries

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Bergmeister’s

51
Q

central connective tissue remnants of hyaloid system found near the entrance of optic stalk

[Embryonic Eponymous Terms for these Adult Derivatives]

A

Kuhnt’s

52
Q

Master gene for optic nerve formation

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

PAX-2

53
Q

Master genes for separating single eye field into two separate eye fields

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

SHH + PAX-2

54
Q

Master gene for eye/eye-globe formation

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

PAX-6

55
Q

Considered master genes for outer/10th layer of retina formation

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

MITF + TGF-b

56
Q

Considered master genes for inner/1st 9 layers of retina formation

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

CHX-10 + FGF

57
Q

“cupping” process/invagination of optic cup

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

no gene expressed

58
Q

Master genes for crystallin formation

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

LMAF + SOX-2 + PAX-6 + PROX-1

59
Q

Acknowledged as master gene for fibers of Zinn formation which holds the developing lens in place

[gene/s for this regulatory function]

A

LMAF

60
Q

Hirsutism + Macrotia + Macrostomia + no mammary glands

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Say-Barber Syndrome

61
Q

Preauricular pits + renal anomaly

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Lachiewicz-Sibley Syndrome

62
Q

Preauricular pits/tags + renal anomaly + cleft palate/lips

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Melnick-Fraser Syndrome

63
Q

Obesity + gynecomastia + mild retardation + macrotia

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Börjeson-Lehman-Forssman Syndrome

64
Q

Coloboma + Heart Defect + Atresia of Nasal Choanae + Renal Anomaly + Genitourinary Anomalies + Deafness

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

CHARGE Syndrome

65
Q

Cryptophthalmos + clitoromegaly

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Meyer- Fraser-Francois-Feichtiger + Schwickerath-Ullrich Syndrome

66
Q

Spock ear

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Stahl’s ear

67
Q

Macrotia due to huge Helix of pinna

[Diagnoses for these Common Manifesations]

A

Selhurst’s ear

68
Q

IMPORTANT!

How to classify MICROTIA DEGREE of SEVERITY using GRADING SYSTEM

A
  • Small ears Grades:
    Grade1: miniature identifiable parts of ear
    Grade2: with cleft (hemi-ear, stenotic ear canal, anti-helix is perpendicular to helix)
    Grade3: absence of ear canal and with “peanut-like” vestige
    Grade4: dorsal end/ total absence of ear (anotia)
  • Grade3&4- no ossicles/ tympanic membrane; Sx is possible as long as px has intact internal ear
  • Device: BAHA- Bone Anchored Hearing Aid
69
Q

What maintains clarity of embryonic lens?

A

– Crystallin α, β, γ
– Pseusoenucleating lens fibers (of very few numbers) or decreased nuclear sizes
-Usage of glucose on anaerobic respiration and PPP
– Detached Hyaloid Artery

70
Q

Specialized cells embedded in the surface of the vitreous body which may contribute to the breakdown and renewal of the hyaluronic acid.

A

Hyalocytes of Balazs

71
Q

TRADITIONAL vs ALTERNATIVE?

– incus & malleus -> pharyngeal arch 1

A

TRADITIONAL

72
Q

TRADITIONAL vs ALTERNATIVE?- - some parts of incus & malleus -> pharyngeal arch 2

A

ALTERNATIVE

73
Q

oculus sinister (OS)

A

left eye

74
Q

auris sinister (AS)

A

left ear

75
Q

oculus dexter (OD)

A

right eye

76
Q

auris dexter (AD)

A

left eye

77
Q

oculus uterque (OU)

A

each eye

78
Q

auris uterque (AU)

A

each ear

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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