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ANATOMY > 13-01 ALL EMBRYO I 2018 - Intro > Flashcards

13-01 ALL EMBRYO I 2018 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

phase in mitosis where joined sister chromatids as highly distinguishable as “condensed chromosome” for the first time via electron microscope.

A

Prometaphase

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2
Q

phase in any division where the cell’s nucleus’ DNA will be duplicated via semi-conservative replication

A

S phase of interphase

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3
Q

if the cell is not to divide again, it will stay at what phase of interphase?

A

G0 - not to divide ever

G1 - not to divide again

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4
Q

pairing of homologous chromosome during Meiosis I Prophase is termed as…

A

synapsis

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5
Q

type of cellular division where the cytokinesis’ characteristics are completely and equally done

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Most common Trisomy (live births)

A

Trisomy 21

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7
Q

will become the ACROSOMAL CAP

A

Golgi apparati

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8
Q

will become the “MIDDLE-PIECE” of flagellum

A

mitochondria

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9
Q

will be guided by “MANCHETTE” to become the flagellum

A

centrioles

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10
Q

will “HOUSE” the enzyme for destruction of pellucidum

A

lysosomes

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11
Q

[cell cycles] pairing of homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis

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12
Q

[cell cycles] process of interchange of genetic segments during Meiosis I

A

crossover

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13
Q

[cell cycles] DNA replication via semi-conservative type of replication

A

Swanson phase

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14
Q

[cell cycles] “X” like structure or point of union between arms of homologous chromosomes where interchange of genetic material begins

A

chiasma

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15
Q

[cell cycles] phase wherein nuclear membrane starts to disappear & you can appreciate chromosomes as double chromatids joined

A

prometaphase

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16
Q

[gametogenesis] these organelles participate in acrosome formation

A

golgi bodies

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17
Q

[gametogenesis] first main source of nutrients/blood cells starting 10th day until 10th week of gestation

A

yolk sac

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18
Q

[gametogenesis] these cells secrete “OOCYTE INHIBITING SUBSTANCE” that leads to prolonged “DIPLOTENE” arrest of primary oocyte.

A

follicular cell

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19
Q

[adult derivatives] conotruncal septum

A

ectoderm

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20
Q

[adult derivatives] urinary bladder and prostate

A

endoderm

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21
Q

stylopharyngeus

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

somitomeres

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22
Q

trapezius

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

dorsomedial layer of somite

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23
Q

trabeculae carnae

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

Lateral plate mesoderm (splanchnic layer)

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24
Q

conotruncal septum

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

neural crest cells

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25
Q

triceps brachii

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

ventrolateral layer of somite

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26
Q

latissimus dorsi

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

dorsomedial layer of somite

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27
Q

dilator and constrictor pupillae

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

neural crest cells

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28
Q

rhomboideus

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

dorsomedial layer of somite

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29
Q

pectinate muscle

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

Lateral plate mesoderm (splanchnic layer)

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30
Q

myoepithelial cells of sweat and mammary glands

[embryonic origin of muscular structures]

A

neural crest cells

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31
Q

[cell cycles] interphase-stage right after mitosis & cytokinesis wherein cell doubles its original size, a lot protein syntheses are evident, and the cell performs its distinct normal functions

A

Growthe One Phase/ Gap One

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32
Q

[cell cycles] DNA replication via semi-conservative type of replication

A

Swanson phase

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33
Q

[cell cycles] Some cells do not divide often or ever like neural tissues

A

Growth Zero Phase/ Gap Zero

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34
Q

[cell cycles] The immediate stage prior prophase of mitosis

A

Growth Two Phase/ Gap Two

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35
Q

[cell cycles] The chromatin starts to coil, condense & contract

A

Prophase

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36
Q

[cell cycles] nuclear membrane starts to disappear & you can appreciate chromosomes as double chromatids joined by centromere

A

prometaphase

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37
Q

[cell cycles] alignment of chromosomes in an equitorial plane as microtubules are accurately attached to each sides of centromere

A

Metaphase

38
Q

[cell cycles] contraction of mitotic spindle that separates one chromatid to its sister chromatid

A

anaphase

39
Q

[cell cycles] regeneration of nuclear membrane & chromatids start to uncoil into chromatin

A

Telophase

40
Q

[cell cycles] pairing of homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis

41
Q

[cell cycles] process of interchange of genetic segments during meiosis One

A

crossover

42
Q

[cell cycles] “x” like structure or point of union between arms of homologous chromosomes where interchange of genetic material begins

A

chiasma

43
Q

[cell cycles] cytokinesis is incomplete leaving numerous cytoplasmic bridges

A

spermatogenesis’ cytokinesis

44
Q

[cell cycles] cytokinesis is unequal

A

oogenesis’ cytokinesis

45
Q

[cell cycles] cytokinesis is complete and equal & daughter cells receive same chromosomal complement

A

mitosis’ cytokinesis

46
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

first arrest of primary oocyte while undergoing First Meiosis Prophase

A

Diplotene

47
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

second arrest of secondary oocyte happens during what specific stage of Meiosis II

A

Metaphase

48
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

What induces rapid completion of oocyte’s first arrest?

A

puberty

49
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

What induces rapid completion of oocyte’s second arrest?

A

fertilization

50
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

These organelles participate in acrosome formation

A

Golgi appratus

51
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

these organelles participate in middle piece formation

A

mitochondria

52
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

these organelles participate in axoneme & flagellum’s principal piece

A

centrioles

53
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

the release of mature spermatozoa to the lumen of seminiferous tubules

A

spermiation

54
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

the change from an ovoid spermatid into a spermatozoon with head-neck-&-tailed cell

A

spermiogenesis

55
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

reducing the chromosomal complement of diploid primary spermatocyte into haploid secondary spermatocyte

A

spermatidogenesis

56
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

during 8th week AOG, these cells will synthesize “Mullerian inhibiting Substances” and during puberty these cells secrete “inhibin” & “androgen binding protein”

A

sertoli cells

57
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

during 8th week AOG, these cells will synthesize “testosterone”

A

Leydig cells

58
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

first excretory unit of the embryo

A

allantois

59
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

first main source of nutrients/blood cells starting 10th day until 10th week age of gestation

A

yolk sac

60
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

main source of mesenchymal cells that will become part of MESODERM layer as they migrate inwards from this source

A

primitive streak

61
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

secretes trypsin-like substance that leads to zona pellucidum removal/”hatching”

A

trophoblast

62
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

these cells secrete “oocyte inhibiting substance” that leads to prolonged “diplotene” arrest of primary oocytes

A

Follicular cells

63
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

to block recognition of sperm cells as “foreign bodies”

A

L-Selectin, etc

= L-selectin + carbohydrate receptors & HLA-G (histocompatibility complex 1B Class)

64
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

requirements to penetrate of corona radiate

A

power & hyaluronidase

=power of the middle piece to propel plus hyaluronidase enzyme

65
Q

[gametogenesis & fertilization]

the sperm cells’ conditioning process while inside female internal genitalia after ejaculation & before fertilization. Wherein glycoprotein & seminal protein coating of the sperm’s head is partially to completely removed

A

capacitation

66
Q

enamel of tooth & odontoblasts

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

67
Q

definitive adult type of kidney

[adult dervative]

A

mesoderm

[embryonic origin]

68
Q

myoepithelial cells of sweat & mammary glands

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

69
Q

liver, pancreas, gallbladder

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

70
Q

spleen

[adult dervative]

A

mesoderm

[embryonic origin]

71
Q

pupillary dilators & constrictors of the iris

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

72
Q

nerves

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

73
Q

viscerocranium (skeleton of the face)

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

74
Q

tunica media of blood vessels of the face

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

75
Q

leptomeninges

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

76
Q

dura mater of spinal cord

[adult dervative]

A

mesoderm

[embryonic origin]

77
Q

parafollicular cells of thyroid gland

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

  • but in Langman’s, it’s ECTO (neural crest cell-derived)
  • so, either ectoderm or endoderm
78
Q

parathyroid gland

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

79
Q

follicle cells of thyroid gland

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

80
Q

conotruncal septum

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

81
Q

urinary bladder & prostate

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

82
Q

hair

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

83
Q

intestines’ epithelium

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

84
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

85
Q

dermis of the face

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

86
Q

stomodeum (oral cavity)

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

87
Q

proctodeum (lower half of anal canal

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

88
Q

external urethra orifice

[adult dervative]

A

ectoderm

[embryonic origin]

89
Q

respiratory epithelium of the lungs

[adult dervative]

A

endoderm

[embryonic origin]

90
Q

plasma & blood components

[adult dervative]

A

mesoderm

[embryonic origin]

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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